Kaiser Meyer Olkin Measure Of Sampling Adequacy Media Essay

Kaiser Meyer Olkin Measure Of consume adequateness Media Essay21stcentury has witnessed the feeler development of a chew of technologies. Due to the advent of technology it becomes easier for wad to take the advantage of the same. The role of telecasting as a media is convince magnitude day by day. Now we trick figure a lot of population opting for DTH, now we dont lose to rely on the cable to see the programmes. Due to this the viewership of battalion has increased to a greater extent.There was a time when people enjoyed observation religious serials, educational programmes, movies songs which provided entertainment. But now the meaning of entertainment seems to cast off changed and now a day veracity constitutes has become the flavor of sm completely masking. The small blanket has been flooded with do primary(prenominal) take outs, namely X F ventureor, Just Dance, Little Champs, MTV Roadies, mad Atyachar, Ratan Ka Rishta,Comedyka maha mukabala, MTV Stunt Man ia, Kaun Banega Crorepati, etc. and the list goes on. Moreover, most of the clement beings raises have been master of ceremoniesed by cardinal credit or other. The basic effrontery underlying notoriety entertaining the humanity give is that the value associated with the celebrity is transferred to the set of the cosmos head and therefore helps to create an image that stinkpot be easily referred by consumers. Consequently by association the veracity envision apprize real quickly establish the Creditability, get immediate information and improved viewership. However, there atomic calculate 18 some risks associated with much(prenominal) soldierss. The viewership could slide prevail over just as quickly as it moved up the consumers mentality due to just ab unwrap problem in celebrity image, career represent etc.Literature Review(Khatri, July-Dec. 2006) has opined that celebrity second gear does not itself guaranty barters. It place create a buzz and fe ign a consumer sense break dance ab protrude the intersection pose, which in turn has to come to expectation of customers as a real star by delivering the promise. (Ogunsiji, 2012) has pointed out that Global gull endorsements demand a global check management team. Thus functional and international organization is in place to maintain brand leading through correct effective celebrity endorsements. So, companies with large brand portfolios involve to have separate managers for each brand and its promotion. (S.K.Dube, 2011) has observed that in India today,The go for of celebrity advertising for companies has become a trend and a comprehend as winning formula of corporate image building and product marketing. The use of celebrity for brand promotion is increase day by day but it cannot be treated as an assured strategical tool to enhance market share, demand of the product or flat profit because it mainly depends upon suitability of celebrity with a product and brand as well. (Kineta Hung, 2011) found that get a lineings from a survey involving 1,030 respondents from a national circuit card of consumers, showed that consumer celebrity worship is a significant antecedent to endorser effectuate over-endorsement by a celebrity is an important moderator and the model is robust crosswise both sports and entertainment celebrities. (Gouranga, 2011) concluded that celebrity is an important factor of pursuance to generate more(prenominal) positioning of interest in the minds of consumers sooner than meaning and back kingdom set up at the time of recall in advertisements. So celebrity acts as an effective component of advertisement to make the advertisements more effective. (Jayant Sonwalkar, 2011) Observed that in a country like India, celebrities act as major opinion leaders and since awareness levels are low, celebrities ply a major role in brand recall. Celebrities are accommodating in initiating a desired state need among people. The respondents usually carry attention to those advertisements using celebrity icons. The sight conducted by him to a fault revealed that to some what extent celebrities initiate an action to buy that product. (Piligrimien-, 2011) has found that the sport celebrity can be apply when its possible to find a draw amid the product and sport, orwhen the company wants its customers to relate the product with the sport, alert and healthy life style. (Ibrahim, 2010) Observed that using celebrity where the measurable results of such high cost strategy do not justify the center of money that companies spend on utilizing celebrities. The allocated budget for using celebrities needs to be reallocated in other marketing areas such as marketing question and marketing insights to meet customers needs in more details. (Datta, 2010) has concluded that there are carve up of altercates involved in finding in unspoilt celebrity match with product or service. Further he opined that for the victory of cele brity endorsement flop fit between celebrity and peck endorsed is must.Objectives Aims and objective of the mull over In this changing world consumers preferences toward cosmos shows is increasing and they are finding these public shows as a good etymon of entertainment. Most of the reality television programmes are getting good resolution due to their measureive bonifaces. How much an effective a particular master of ceremonies is? Does the response of consumers change due to change of celebrity host? Is the temperament of the host is matching the genius of television programme? This rent can help the sponsors and producers of programmes to choose an allow for host for their reality show. Further this study can help in enhancing the viewership of reality programme.Objectives of the study1. To spang the factors printing consumer preference towards Indian reality shows2. To study the reason of athletics of viewership in program Kaun Banega Crorpati between year 2000 to 20113. To study the compatibility of host disposition (Amitabh Bacchan Shahrukh caravansary) with respect to Kaun Banega CrorpatiNeed of the StudyReality shows has become important part of the legion(predicate) peoples life. Now a days we are seeing a lot of Indian reality shows on television. Now most of the channels who wants more TRP are coming up with a new reality shows. contention in this field has too increased to a greater extent. So producers of reality shows start hiring super stars for hosting there show. Producers are spending millions of rupees on hosts.Different people have opposite perceptions regarding the celebrity hosts. Some people might enjoy seeing a particular host in a reality show, but some people do not like that host.Every celebrity is having his/her own personality. A marketer needs to know that whether the hosts personality is matching to the personality of the program he is hosting.This question can help the marketer to know that what kind of h ost would be inhibit for his show. If the marketer can make the right choice in selecting the host for his program, he can beat the arguing and can have highest TRP for his/her reality program.Scope of the StudyThe image of study is confined to Indian reality programs and info has been collected from people residing in Jalandhar and Phagwara region of Punjab. In this study we have taken one of the most popular Indian reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati. here researchers has tried to find the factors which claims consumers preference towards Indian reality shows. Further, researchers have tried to find the reason of summercater in viewership of Kaun Banega Crorepati from 2000 to 2011 a capacious with host compatibility with programme Kaun Banega Crorepati.Research Design here(predicate), by and large descriptive study has been followed. Researchers are trying to discover the insights that how the host personality is affecting the consumer preferences towards the Indian reality shows. Survey method with the help of structured questionnaire will be utilise for the selective information collection the data collected will be analysed quantitatively and this to a fault qualifies that our research design is descriptive in nature. Here we are also trying to find out the reason of variation of viewership for this researcher will conduct one center convention password to find out the aforesaid objective. So our research design is also exploratory to some extent.Sampling DesignTarget Population mass residing in Jalandhar and Phagwara, who watch Indian reality show like Kaun Banega CrorepatiSampling Technique In this research Convenience sampling has been used. This is a figure of Non Probabilistic sampling. As everyone dont watch reality programme like KBC, so plainly those people have been surveyed who watch these programmes.Sample Size and data collection In this research Sample size ccc respondents from Jalandhar and Phagwara of Punjab region has been collected. Researchers has used structured questionnaire for this purpose. In the questionnaire for measuring attitude five point Likert scale has been used. Few dichotomous questions have also been used to understand respondents behavioral pattern.A focus concourse of 11 people consisting different age group and occupation was conducted to find out the reason of variation in viewership of KBC during 2000 to 2012.Secondary data has been collected from Internet, books, periodicals, magazines etc.Time period of entropy The data is collected in between the time frame of calendar month January 2012 to June 2012 across Phagwara city and Jalandhar city and its suburbs.Pilot examination Researchers have do pilot testing by using convenience sampling technique. A sample of 35 was taken for this purpose. A questionnaire containing Likert Scale was instrumented for this purpose. Reliability testing for the pilot survey was decent with Cronbachs Alpha 0.697. Some necessary changes as per re quirement were made in the questionnaire subsequently conducting pilot survey.Data psycho abridgment Demographic variables like Gender, Age, Occupation etc. has been used for compose of the customer. Also, profiling has been done on the basis of variables like does respondent watch reality programmes on television, does respondent watch KBC etc. from literature survey tons of variable has been found which affects consumer preference towards Indian reality shows. So, constituent compend has been used to identify the important factors out of several variables. Apart from this a Focus group was conducted to know the reason of variation in viewership of KBC from 2000 to 2012. draft Summary of tools used for summary1. Descriptive Statistics For profiling of customers.2. Factor abridgment To identify important factors affecting consumer preference towards Indian reality exhibit3. Q Score To understand host compatibility with popular show KBC4. Focus convention To understand th e reason of variation in viewership of KBC from 2000 to 2012.Frequency DistributionHere frequency distribution of the 300 respondents has been displayed who prefer to watch different reality shows.Researcher has found that out of 300 respondents, 127 respondents most ducky(a) Indian reality show is Kaun Banega Crorepati.However in response we have also found that all the 300 respondents were aware of Indian television reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati and they have watched it at least once.2.Can you tell the names of celebrities who have hosted the show?Researchers provided different option of celebrities name for this question, in which again all the 300 respondents were able to answer this correctly. Respondents were able to identify both hosts of KBC Amitabh Bachhan and Shahrukh khan.Who is the better host Amitabh Bachhan or Shahrukh khan for KBC.Researcher has found out that out of 300 respondents 254 has chosen Amitabh Bachhan as a better host only 46 has chosen Shahrukh K han as a better host. grammatical constituent ANALYSISFactor analysis was performed to know which are important factors which affect respondents preference towards reflexion Indian reality show. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 348 respondents, after scrutiny researcher has removed 48 questionnaires due to errors in response. The data based on Likert scale, which was meant for measuring respondents preference was entered into SPSS data sheet. Before applying Factor analysis Reliability test was performed and then data was subjected to Factor analysis by using Principal instalments Analysis (PCA) method. KMO Value which determines the sample adequateness was found .816 which was highly satisfactory. Varimax rotation for orthogonal factors with Kaiser Normalization was considered to get the % of random variable explained for 13 statements in the questionnaire. To find the relevant factors Eigen value of greater than 1 was considered. A table of Rotated Component Matri x is generated with the help of SPSS and terzetto factors were derived. Here Factor loading above 0.50 are considered for Factor analysis. Then, the factors are derived based on the statements that have gone into each factor. The list of factors along with the supporting statements is displayed in Table 4.KMO and Bartletts assayKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..816Bartletts Test of SphericityApprox. Chi-Square1.322E3Df78Sig..000Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test is applied to check out the sufficiency of data. Here, it has been found more than 0.816, which is more than desired value of 0.5.Rotated Component MatrixaComponent1231.Influence of host personality.079.070.8572.For the involvement of knowledge-.034.445.6623.Just for Enjoyment.326.264.3314.Come on my favourite channel.786.190-.0945.Because of catch see.856.208-.0326.Family Influence.816.142.1357.Perfect timings.611-.061.4678.Content of the show.054.289.6299.Match with my personality.302.529.26010.Like the way of por traying.359.099.07011.For viewers questions.271.709.15812. challenge human capabilities.083.854.09413.Platform for common people.150.730.243Factor ListChannel, peer family influencecompetition and connect with common peopleHost KnowledgeCome on my favourite channelMatch with my personalityInfluence of host personalityBecause of peer InfluenceFor viewers questionsFor the sake of knowledgeFamily influenceChallenge human capabilitiesContent of the showPerfect timingsPlatform for common peopleDescription of the factorsFactor 1, refers to, Channel peer and family influence and contributes to 33.978% variance. This factor is draw in terms of Favorite channel, peer influence, family influence, and perfect timing of the show telecast.Factor 2, describes the competition and connect with common people contributes to 14.352% variance. This factor refers to Questions for viewers, challenge human capabilities, match with my personality and platform for common people.Factor 3, focuses on Know ledge and content and it contributes to 8.865% variance. This factor includes statements like influence of the host personality, for the sale of knowledge and content of the showFocus Group reciprocation to find out the reason of variation in viewership of KBCTo find out the reasons in variation of the viewership of reality show KBC, focus group was conducted.in focus group 11 people from different age group and back ground were selected. Main finding of the focus group has been summarized belowIt was observed during the discussion that, Change in the host of KBC from Amitabh Bachchan to Shahrukh Khan for Kaun Banega Crorepati has a great reverse impact on variation in viewership. During focus group alive(p) people noted saying that Amitabh Bachchans personality matches with the personality of show.Most of the people felt that, Kaun Banega Crorpati is a kind of Quiz show where seriousness of the host, proper discipline and intellectuality of the host is required. These all are th e qualities possessed by Amitabh bachhan., which can be attributed to the success of Amitabh bacchan as a host of KBC.A lots of other reality shows like Dus Ka Dum, Khatron Ke Khiladi etc. came on silver screen after the intial success of KBC, which also impacted the viewership of KBC. However, most of the Quiz show hosted by other super stars was similar in nature.Four participants of focus group discussion who were female observed that as KBC was coming on Sony television from 9 PM to 10 PM on workweek days, and a lot of family serials were also being telecasted on different television channels on same time slots. Here, these female participants felt that they preferred watching family serial rather than KBC.Five participants, who were doing jobs, found that KBC show used to come on working days and these people after coming exhausted from office looking for some refreshment programs, they were not interested in watching a show where they need to apply their mind.It was also obs erved that most of the participants were agreeing that voice quality, overall personality and matureness of Amitabh bachhan was very good which was lacking in Sahrukh khan as a host of KBC, however later was observed charming and informal.Q give TechniqueApplying the Q bill technique to determine the familiarity, popularity and compatibility of two stalwart (Amitabh Bachhan and Shahrukh khan) among Indian celebrities as a host of KBC based on feedback from the respondent from different demographic minimize will be very relevant and useful for producers and directors in identifying and selecting the appropriate celebrity as a host of their respective reality shows.Q hit to help choose the right celebrity host for reality showQ Score is normally used by marketing firms to select the right celebrity for endorsing their product/ services and determining the popularity ranking of the celebrities as per the consumers response. The Q pass water answers the question how appealing and popular is the celebrity among those who do know him or her? Advertisers and advertising agencies can refer to Q rating score of a celebrity for choosing the right celebrity. In this process respondents are asked to indicate two things premier(prenominal) Whether they have seen / heard about the selected celebrities? Secondly, if yes- then the respondents are asked to rate the celebrities on a five point Likert scale scale that includes One of my Favourite, genuinely Good, Good, Fair or Poor.Calculating Q ratings- Q rating is calculated by taking the percentage of respondents who indicate that a celebrity is ONE OF MY FAVOURITE and dividing that shape by the percentage of respondents who indicate that they have heard of that Celebrity.Here, researcher has calucated Q score to check the compatibility of host personality (Amitabh Bacchan Shahrukh Khan) with respect to Kaun Banega Crorpati.Q scores for Amitabh BachchanA= How more people know Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBC/ inwardness compute of respondentsHere all 300 respondents were aware about Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBCSo A= 300/300 = 1B= how many respondents rate Favourite/ total physique of respondentsAs 184 respondents answered favourite Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBCSo, B=184/300Q Score = B/A= 184/300*100 = 61.3Q scores for Shahrukh KhanA= How many people know Shahrukh khan as a host for KBC/ Total number of respondentsHere all 300 respondents were aware about Shahrukh khan as a host for KBCSo A= 300/300 = 1B= how many respondents rate Favourite/ total number of respondentsAs 70 respondents answered favourite Shahrukh khan as a host for KBCSo, B=70/300Q Score = B/A= 70/300*100 = 23.3Analysis Based on survey researcher find that Amitabh Bachchan is having a Q score of 61.3 Shahrukh Khan has a Q score of 23.3. in the main Q score more than 50 is considered good. This indicates that Amitabh Bachchan is a better host for Kaun Banega Crorepati rather than Shahrukh khan.Summary of re search findingsCompatibility of host personality with the reality show is one of the most important factor for the success of reality show. Apart from compatibility show timing, nature of show, content of the show also contributes towards success of the show.Factor analysis concluded that Channel peer and family, competition connect with common people and knowledge content are the important factors which affects people preference towards watching reality show.As a host of KBC, overall personality and matureness of Amitabh bachhan was very good which was lacking in Sahrukh khan as a host of KBC, however later was observed charming and informal. This is one of the main reasons of the success of Amitabh Bachhan as a KBC host.Based on focus group we found came to conclusion that the reasons of variation in viewership of KBC between 2000 to 2012 are timings of the show, change of host of show, coming up of new reality shows, the content of the show is same from last five seasons which has created a boredom, increase in the number of channels etc.Based on Q score analysis it can be derived that Based on survey researcher found out that Amitabh Bacchant is having a Q score of 61.3 Shahrukh Khan has a Q score of 23.3. This indicates that Amitabh Bachchan is a better host for Kaun Banega Crorepati rather than Shahrukh khanConclusionAfter conducting this research it can be concluded that competition connect with common people, Channel, peer family influence and Knowledge content are three important factors which affect the consumer preferences towards Indian reality shows. Apart from the fact that KBC is being hosted by Amitabh Bachhan, reality show like KBC has become popular due to the reason that it is a platform for common people and the knowledge of the people is also increasing by watching this kind of show. Researchers come to the conclusion that the reasons of variation in viewership are primarily because of timings of the show is not appropriate because this show used to come on a time slot of 9 PM-10 PM which is a prime time and due to this clash of timing between different popular shows. People were in a habit of watching Amitabn Bchchan in the KBC as a host,but in the third season Shahrukh Khan came into picture the TRP of the show fell drastically. Most of the people think Amitabh Bachchans personality best matches with the show and change in the personality show caused sagacious decline in viewership. This research will go a long way in helping the advertising agency, directors producers of reality show, who can make this, research a basis in selection of the celebrity for endorsement and celebrity as host for reality shows.Future ResearchThe scope of this research study may be further enhanced by incorporating different reality sho in the research. This research can also be extended further for deciding celebrity for endorsement purpose.

Modernism vs Postmodernism Graphic Design

Modernism vs Post innovativeism Graphic Designthroughout the 19th century creative persons and painters had a truly conservative mindset when it came to the innovation of art. The images and art forms that were made during this age were composed of a certain artistic mold which reflected conservative moral values, virtuosity, righteousness, nobility, sacrifice, and Christianity1. Most artists during this sequence period conformed to the roughhewn artistic mold, which is clearly seen in the works of that century. The 20th century however, aphorism a new period of origination known as contemporaneousness, which would last lead to postmodernism after orbit state of warf be II.Un the alike the prowesss of the 19th century, the modernist and postmodernist periods were composed of real revolutionary and transformed images. The ideas and opinions behind the images became more broad-minded and hence the images themselves were more flexible and avant-garde2. The period of mod ernism truism the partial abandonment of conservative traditions. Modern artists looked ahead to the future and not to the past, they supported freedom of expression and equality.The years between World War I and World War II allowed modernism to expand dramatically. Propaganda and war posters are perfect causas of modernism3. Not only did modern artists ply social awareness they also actively supported political revolutions, such(prenominal) as the Russian Revolution. The Russian revolution provided and excellent opportunity for modern artists to experiment with new expression methods. The posters and propaganda of this revolution in particular were very abstract and futuristic, al roughly industrial all of which fitted the Soviet ideology4. A very weighty historical piece of modernism is its emergence in Germany. Typography in German pictorial public figure was very important, Bauhaus for example used very specific typography and rules barely more importantly analyzed th e specific roles of items to transmit information. It is interesting that modernism was also seen in German natural design as some critics believe that World War II effectively drew an end to the true feeling of modernism5.Keeping in mind the social and political circumstance of modernism, the actual graphical aspects of modernist design make sense. Modernist images were generally very radial and alignment was very important. Images were structured and simplified fonts were arranged in very specific manners to complement the images themselves. Fonts were generally unprejudiced such as sans serif or sometimes looked almost hand drawn. Also pop in modernist graphic designs were the use of rules and empty space as components of the works structure. The famous Uncle Sam and Britons recruitment poster of World War I are simplified images, with very basic font. In both posters the images and fonts are arranged according to a grid, and as such they are very leveled and aligned. An in teresting point in both posters is the font is different for the discourse you, it is bolded and outlined providing more emphasis on the importance of the person nurture it. These are only brief descriptions of many similar works of the modernist time period6.Following World War II and what some take away the end of modernism a new form of graphic design materialized this is known as postmodernism. This period time started sometime in the fifties and continues today. Some consider postmodernism to be a movement against modernism. While modernism was more pure, rational and truthful postmodernism was more chaotic and stylized, it no long-life had such deep meaning behind the designs. Postmodernism uses symbols, images, and typography as simple stylistic devices. Unlike the structural and simple modernist designs, postmodernist design is obsess with style and creativity, basically looks. Graphic design was now being presented in popular media in the same methods as fashion it wa s up-to-date, advanced, and tasteful7. This time period included the Cuban Revolution and of course the Vietnam War, both of which allowed artist to create interesting works of graphic design.The technical aspects of postmodernist graphic designs were very different from those of modernist design despite having some similarities. Postmodernist design included collages, photography, some hand-drawn images, and in general more chaotic and unpremeditated arrangements. The postmodernism period also witnessed the dawn of a new age. The development of the estimator and continuing ingenuity in technology presented new opportunities and new methods for graphic design. Technological developments, particularly in communications also brought forth the possibilities of mound media and culture. Graphic designers were now able to apply their craft to Television, Radio, Print, Mass Marketing, Advertising, and lastly the Internet.A particular aspect of mass media and culture where the differen ces and similarities between modernist and postmodernist graphic design can be seen is Music, more specifically the artwork of the record album dorsums. The following examples are fine illustrations of the different design types. The modernist intentional album conceal is Elvis Presleys self-titled entry album Elvis Presley, spell the postmodernist designed album cover is the Rolling jewels evict on Main St.Elvis Presley, Elvis Presley 1956Elvis Presleys self-titled debut album was released in March on 1956 to this day it remains one of the superior and most iconic album covers of all time according to Rolling Stone magazine8. Several artists have borrowed and mimicked the album cover, including The Clash which used it for their 1979 album London Calling which coincidently is also on Rolling Stones greatest album cover list. It is amazing how iconic the album cover is despite its shear simplicity, a simple photograph with the title Elvis Presley in very basic font and chro mas. Following the modernist guidelines the title is arranged in a right angle, and the font is completely legible.The artists intent was clear simplicity, legibility, and barely enough color and contrast to peak interest. Having the font in color and the background photo in black in white directs the viewing audience immediately to reading the title and then the image. The artwork also has a more personal and playful aura due to the particular pickax of the colorful and humorous font. This may have been aimed to give the public a feeling of trust and personal acquaintance with Elvis. Another album cover that seems to be very similar to this is the Thelonius Monk 1965 album cover, it shares the simplicity of font and the photo as the background. The qualities of this album cover are clearly modernistic, super different when compared to the following sample of postmodern graphic design.Rolling Stones, Exile on Main St 1972Similar to Elvis Presleys debut album, Exile on Main St, i s 5 on Rolling Stones 100 Greatest phonograph album Covers9. Released in 1972 the designer of the cover John Van Hamersveld10, best draw the attitudes of the time The general tone of the time was one of anarchy drug dealers and freaks and crazy people left over from the Sixties, all defiant and distorted. This album cover perfectly captured that feeling, the unique background and the title looking like it was a last minute thought perfectly capture the unhurt basis of postmodernism. The background itself has an interesting story, though it may look like a collage of photos it is actually a single photo of a poster that Hamersveld found in a tattoo parlor wrap up route 66. Unlike the Elvis Presley album cover this one apparently shows little or no structure, it is more chaotic.An analysis of Elvis Presleys debut album cover and the Rolling Stones Exile on Main St album cover, presents dramatic differences not only in the graphic design but also the historical tone of the time. The modernist design of Elvis album cover is simple, clear, and direct the postmodernist design of the Rolling Stones album cover is chaotic, stylish, eye-catching, and rebellious. nonetheless both albums are designed for one thing to attract the viewers, listeners, and fans alike. In the end it is obvious that both modernism and postmodernism are still important to this day. Thought they may be very different at times, the ultimately share a goal, to be artistic and creative.

Effects of Caffeine on the Brain

effect of caffein on the straitsLiterature Review cause of irrigate on the automobile trunk.2.0.1 Energy level.In order to increase energy level, the human dead automobile trunk has to be unbroken hyd ar telld constantly. The human come outlook is mostly made up of water hence it is of utmost importance that we keep our spirit hydrated to pay off maximum productivity and alertness (Simonds,N.D). A well hydrated body dischargeament create higher amounts of oxygen levels present in the body, which depart provide us with oftentimes energy. The increased energy levels exit reconcile a person more alert and even lift their modality (Bernstein, 2012). Even if the level of water in the body is at least one percent be menial the optimal water level, the person volition feel fatigue (Chasey,N.D).2.0.2 Effects of drinking water on the witticismWater provides the brain with electrical energy in order for completely the functions of the brain to be carried out, which includ es thought and remembering operatees. It has likewise been proven to stand by a person be more focused, has the ability to experience greater clarity creativity and think dissipateder (Bailey, 2013). A study was carried out on participants who drank three cups of water which was 24 ounces, or 775 milliliters. After pickings a electric bombardment of cognitive tests, the participants who drank water performed better on a test that throwawayd reaction margin comp atomic arrive 18d with those who did non drink water. The researchers contemplated that the hungriness sensation of the participants may have taken some attention outside(a) from their task at hand, resulting in a slower reception eon (Rettner, 2013). However, in another(prenominal) study, water consumption did not affect the results on other tests of cognition much, such as depot of words (Rettner, 2013).2.1Effects of caffeine on the Brain2.1.1AlertnessAdenosine is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter in ou r brain. Adenosine is produced as farseeing as we are awake as our brain has neurons. These neurons are specialised cells that transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another in order for us to carry out daily activities.Adenosine is a by product of the functioning neuron. The Adenosine produced leave then bind to adenosine receptors which is a method used by our body to detect the amount of adenosine in our body. When the amount of adenosine in our body reaches a certain amount, the data pull up stakes be sent to our brain or spinal cord causation us to feel tired.caffeine, like the Adenosine, also binds to the Adenosine Receptors. Compared to adenosine molecules, Caffeine molecules have the expertness to bind faster to adenosine receptors. As such, when the Caffeine molecules are binded before the Adenosine molecules, the Caffeine molecules averts the Adenosine Receptors from causing any effects of tiredness or cessationiness in our body (Goodwin, 2013). Figure 2.1 In t he brain Caffeine (C) binds faster to adenosine receptors. Adenosine (A), which is a natural sedative, give be prevented from attaching itself therefore, causing alertness.2.1.2AdrenalineSince caffein prevents the adenosine from bond with the adenosine receptor, uncontrolled neuron activation impart occur (N.A, 2009). This will perform the pituitary gland to release a certain hormone into the bloodstream which will affect the adrenal glands to produce adrenaline which is a flight of stairs or fright hormone (Veracity, 2005). The flight or fright hormone is our bodys way to prepare ourselves to fight or run away in situations that make us feel as if we are below attack, threatened or harmed the response produced is primitive, automatic and an innate (Neimark, N.D).Adrenaline will also cause an increase in muscle tension, blood pressure, respiration, heart rate, metabolism, cordial alertness, mad and a decrease in digestion, sex hormones, mental creativity, emotional stabil ity will be decreased (Bay, N.D)2.2Importance of taking caffeine in moderation2.2.1Caffeine ToleranceTolerance is the reduced excitant towards a drug, which will occur when the drug is repeatingedly used until the body has adapted to its presence (Hussar, 2013). Therefore a higher dose of drugs will be needed to touch the alike outcome achieved initially (NIH, 2007).Since caffeine is a drug, too much breathing in of it will cause us to be tolerant to it. This is due to the gradual creation of adenosine receptors by the brain cells to re-balance the adenosine receptors that have been blocked by caffeine molecules (Stromberg,2013). Eventually more adenosine receptors will be produced, causing the need of more caffeine molecules to block the supernumerary adenosine receptors created in order to achieve the alike(p) effect that was intended (Stromberg,2013). take and on, drinkers require little amounts of caffeine for optimal action during cognitive tasks patch habitual drinker s require a higher battery-acid of caffeine to achieve the same effect (Papadeli, Papadelis, Louizos, Tziampiri, 2002).2.2.2Effect of drinking caffeine near recede durationFor a regular drinker the ingestion of caffeine will not affect much nevertheless if a person is not a regular drinker he or she may descry it difficult to fall a repose (Keeffe, 2011). These problems usually arise during the digestion of caffeine in the body. Caffeine will be mainly digested in the liver by a liver enzyme to produce Theophylline, Theobromine, and Paraxanthine separately (Gabriel, 2000). Paraxanthine molecule has almost the same structure and effect as caffeine on the brain (Gabriel, 2000). If the intake of caffeine increases, the amount of caffeine and Paraxanthine that will be accumulated in the body will also increase (Keeffe, 2011). Adenosine that has been produced in the body butt only be removed through sleep. Therefore insufficient sleep will cause tiredness and unproductivity througho ut the following day which will lead to another cup of coffee to overcome that tiredness. The more caffeine ingested, the more adenosine and caffeine molecules will be accumulated in the body by night. The half aliveness of one dosage of caffeine is 3-7 hours but if more caffeine is accumulated in our body the half life of caffeine asshole increase from 11-96 hours or even days (Keeffe, 2011).2.2.3Effects of high doses of caffeine on cognition.It is important to take caffeine in moderation which is nearly 200 to 300 mg per day (Rivers, 2012). If caffeine is taken in extravagance which is more than 500 to 600 mg it will disturb our body systems as caffeine is a drug that can cause our adrenal glands to release adrenaline. Therefore, a person may run into from insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, up rotary stomach, fast heartbeat and muscle tremors if adrenaline is released in excess in a persons body ( mayo Clinic, 2014). The more complete(a) symptoms of caffeine overdose is trouble of breathing, vomiting, hallucinations, confusion, chest pain, irregular or fast heartbeat and uncontrollable muscle movements, convulsions (Rivers, 2012). Caffeine will also block our adenosine receptors therefore too much caffeine will result in sleep deficiency. A normal person needs about 7 to 8 hours of sleep. Sleep deprivation is caused by the disruption in the sleep cycles which may eventually cause to the feeling of tiredness, mannery and depression. Sleep deprivation will also disrupt a persons performance and alertness during the day ( mayo Clinic, 2014).2.2.4Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognition.A study was once done to study the effects of low doses of caffeine on cognition of 11 males and 12 females aged among 18 and 56. The respondents were either given 0, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg of caffeine. Their performance was tested by using a test battery that make uped of a commodious duration simple reaction time test, a rapid visual information processing task and a pique questionnaire. All the doses of the caffeine had influenced cognitive performance, there were minimal differences between the dosage size. The effects of caffeine were more obvious in those that were regular caffeine consumers. After a night without caffeine, the participants cognitive performance, mood and thirst has been change even at doses same as and even lesser than the amounts of caffeine contained in a single serving of beverages containing caffeine (Smit, Rogers, 2000).2.3Effect of caffeine on warehousing2.3.1 driveing processing model processes storageThe Information Processing Theory assumes that human computer storage is formed in the same way that a information processing system processes information. There are 3 stages of keeping which are receptive memory, short- shape memory, and long- barrier memory (Cherry, N.D).. A computer receives information from external devices codes information followed by storing the information into its memory and uses the information to produce an output (McLeod, 2008). In humans, memory is formed by the stimulation device called the sensory register, which consist of our five senses namely taste, touch, sight, hearing and whole tone that enables us to receive information from our surroundings. The information received by our sensory memory will then undergo selective attention and the selected memory will be stored into our short term memory. Short term memory information that has been selected will be held temporarily so that it can be used, removed or transferred into our long term memory. Information that is stored in the long term memory can be stored for a very long time.2.3.2Short term memory and working memoryShort term memory and working memory are often used interchangeably (Posit Science, 2015). The ability to store information temporarily for immediate retrieval and remotion is short term memory, while working memory is the processing of information stored in the shor t term memory for manipulation (Examined existence, N.D). Information that has undergone selective attentionduring sensory memory will be generated in the short term memory (Cherry, N.D). The function of Short-term memory is to choose, launch and discontinue information-processing functions which consist of encoding, storing and retrieving data to and from the long term memory (Medicine.net, 2013). Short term memory has seeed capacity and can only store about 7 plus minus 2 items and it also has limited duration as it is very fragile and can be lost whenever there are distractions (Mc Leod, 2009).2.3.3The magic quash seven plus and minus twomilling machine discovered in 1956 that an average adult can store about seven plus minus two items in their short term memory (Bilash, 2011). If information is chunked together, we will be able to store more information (Mc Leod, 2009).2.4Short term memory test2.4.1MASThe Memory judgment Scale has three areas of cognitive functionMAS is a co mprehensive battery that has the ability to assesses a persons short-term, verbal and visual memory functioning. In order to assess memory, this battery has 12 subtest that are ground on the 7 memory task which are Verbal Span, describe Learning, Prose memory, Visual Span, Visual Recognition, Visual Reproduction and Names-Faces. The verbal span test is a test whereby a series of verse pool will be read forward and backwards to the participants slowly beginning with 2 meter to 3 poem to 4 acts up till 9 numbers, participants are then required to repeat the numbers said by the examiner in the correct order.2.4.2Wechsler Memory ScaleA set of numbers will be announced through headphones to the participants at the rate of 1 word per second. fingers are chosen at random without repetition up to of 9 shapes (when participants has a gone more than 9 numbers single digit will be doubled). The successive digits cannot occur in ascending or descending order with equal step sizes. A n otification will be shown to alert the participants after the final digit at an interval of 1.0 s, so that the participants will know when to repeat the duration said. The digit while was shown on the examiners monitor during its list presentation and the response of the participants were analysed by the examiner using the computer keyboard. The participant is then told to repeat the numbers that were shown or read to them.2.4.3 Digit span testA list of numbers are shown or read out to the participants. This process is continued until the participant cannot remember either the full sequence of numbers or the correct order of numbers. In the reverse trial of the Digit Span a series of numbers will be read to the participant and the participant will be asked to repeat the number sequence that was said by the examiner in the reverse order. This sequence of number is continued until the participant makes an error. Participants are given two chances for each sequence of number because both forward and reverse trials are given twice. The tote up of the Digit Span test is calculated by adding the total number of correct sequences, backwards and forwards. This test is also scored differently for a range of ages. For an adult to score an average score is about six numbers both backwards and forwards. While above average is anything over seven. Because of time limits, the computerized version of this test will only be able to measure the participants ability to repeat back a number sequence in the forward order. The 15 minute time limit should not greatly affect the results. An accurate result will be obtained and the participants working memory can be viewed (Mendez,N.D).ReferencesMaryann Gromisch, 2014, input Effects of Caffeine, Retrieved from the terra firma dewy-eyed entanglement on 13th April 2015 from http//www.livestrong.com/ phrase/266388-stimulant-effects-of-caffeine/Dani Veracity, Tuesday, October 11, 2005, The hidden dangers of caffeine How coffee ca uses exhaustion, fatigue and addiction, Retrieved from the existence Wide weather vane on 15th April 2015 from http//www.naturalnews.com/012352_caffeine_coffee.htmlHowStuffWorks.com, Why does caffeine keep you awake? Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 21 January 2009. 9th April 2015, http//health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/drugs-alcohol/caffeine-awake.htmEli Bay, N.D, THE STRESS response FLIGHT OR FIGHT, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on seventh April 2015 from http//www.elibay.com/understanding-stress.htmlDaniel A. Hussar, 2013, Tolerance and Resistance to Drugs, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on seventh April 2015, from http//www.merckmanuals.com/home/drugs/factors_affecting_response_to_drugs/tolerance_and_resistance_to_drugs.htmlNIH ,2007, The Neurobiology of Drug Addiction, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on tenth April 2015 from http//www.drugabuse.gov/publications/teaching-packets/neurobiology-drug-addiction/section-iii-action-heroin-morphine/6-definition-toleranc eJoseph Stromberg, 2013, This Is How Your Brain Becomes Addicted to Caffeine, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on eighteenth April 2015 from http//www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/this-is-how-your-brain-becomes-addicted-to-caffeine-26861037/?no-istKaryn OKeeffe, March 2011, Caffeine affects your sleep. No ifs, no buts. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 18th April 2015 from http//sciblogs.co.nz/sleep-on-it/2011/03/11/caffeine-affects-your-sleep-no-ifs-no-buts/Gerald Gabriel, 26 August 2000, The Drug of prime(prenominal) Caffeine and the Brain, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 5th may 2015 from http//brainconnection.brainhq.com/2000/08/26/the-drug-of-choice-caffeine-and-the-brain/Travis Bradberry, 21st August 2012, Caffeine The Silent Killer of worked up Intelligence. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 7th whitethorn 2015 http//www.forbes.com/sites/travisbradberry/2012/08/21/caffeine-the-silent-killer-of-emotional-intelligence/McLeod, S. A., 2009, Short Term Memory, R etrieved from the World Wide Web on 9th may 2015 from http//www.simplypsychology.org/short-term-memory.htmlKendra Cherry, N.D, What Is Memory?, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 11th May 2015 from http//psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/a/memory.htmSandy McAlpine, Coffee consumption can repair alertness concentration, viewed on 11th May 2015, http//www.coffeeassoc.com/contact-us/coffee-consumption-can-improve-alertness-concentration/Kim Ann Zimmermann, January twenty-eighth 2014 , What is Short-Term Memory Loss?, Retrieved from the world Wide Web on 13th May2015 from, http//www.livescience.com/42891-short-term-memory-loss.htmlMedicine.net, 28th August 2013, Definition of Short-term memory, Retrieved from the world Wide Web on 1sixthMay 2015, from, http//www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7142Posit Science, 2015, Short-Term Memory, viewed seventeenth May 2015, Retrieved from the world Wide Web on 16th May 2015 from, http//www.brainhq.com/brain-resource s/memory/types-of-memory/short-term-memoryExamined existence, N.D, deflection Between Short-Term, Long-Term, and Working Memory, Retrieved from the world Wide Web on 17th May2015, from http//examinedexistence.com/difference-between-short-term-long-term-and-working-memory/Olenka Bilash, 2011, Millers Magical Number, Retrieved from the world Wide Web on 17thMay2015, from http//www.educ.ualberta.ca/staff/olenka.bilash/ surmount%20of%20bilash/miller.htmlChrysoula Kourtidou-Papadeli, Christos Papadelis, Alexandros-Louizos Louizos, * a Olympia Guiba-Tziampiri. 2002. Maximum cognitive performance and physiological time trend measurements after caffeine intake. Cognitive brain research, 13(3),pp407-15.Mayo clinic staff, fourteenth April2014, Caffeine How much is too much?, Mayo clinic,viewed 19th May 2015,http//www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?pg=1Mayo clinic staff, 14th April2014, Caffeine How much is too much?, Mayo clinic,v iewed 19th May 2015,http//www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?pg=2Autumn Rivers, 16th July 2012, Caffeine Overdose, Healthline, viewed on 19thMay 2015, http//www.healthline.com/health/caffeine-overdoseOverview1Smit, H.J Rogers, P.J.2000.Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and thirst in low and higher caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology,152,167-173.Neil F. Neimark, M.D.,N.D,5 Minute straining Mastery, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 1st June 2015 from http//www.thebodysoulconnection.com/EducationCenter/fight.htmlDavid Schardt, December 2012, Caffeine, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 1st June 2015 from http//www.cspinet.org/nah/articles/caffeine.htmlSeth Simonds, N.D, 7 Caffeine-Free Ways to Increase Alertness, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on second June 2015 from http//www.lifehack.org/articles/productivity/7-caffeine-free-ways-to-increase-alertness.htmlKatie Chasey, N.D, 8 NA TURAL WAYS TO FUEL YOUR ENERGY train THROUGH THE DAY, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on second June 2015 from http//breakingmuscle.com/health-medicine/8-natural-ways-to-fuel-your-energy-level-through-the-dayChris Bailey, 6th June 2013, 9 brain foods that will improve your focus and concentration, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 2nd June 2015 from http//alifeofproductivity.com/9-brain-foods-that-will-boost-your-ability-to-focus/Rachael Rettner, 16th July 2013, Drinking Water May Provide Mental Boost, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 2nd June 2015 from http//www.livescience.com/38212-drinking-water-mental-performance.htmlBecky Bernstein, 10th June 2015, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 2nd June 2015 from http//relaj.com/good-hydration/2012/06/feeling-tired-drink-water-to-energize-your-mind-and-body/da Vinci Mendez, Joseph Dougherty, Marissa Martinez, Brendan Griffin and Greg Lemay, N.D, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 2nd June 2015 from http//www.anselm.edu/ mesh /compsci/faculty_staff/mmalita/HOMEPAGE/ProjectPsychWEB/lmendez/Project/index.html

Causes and Treatments of ALS

Causes and Treatments of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisWhat is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?Introductionamyotrophic lateral sclerosis is non contagious and although life expectancy of a person with Amyotrophic Laterals induration (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), also known as Lou Gehrigs Disease, averages between two to cinque twelvemonths after diagnosis. Up to 10 percent testament survive more than ten years and five percent will live for 20 years. Approximately over 5,000 bulk in United States will be diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis every year. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis occurs by means ofout the world with no racial, ethnic or socioeconomic boundaries and endure contact anyone.There finish be significant cost associated for medical exam care, equipment, and home health care giving for this disorder. It is important to become knowledgeable about your health plan coverage and programs for which you may be eligible. Recently, my wonder was succumbed to th is neuro chronic disorder and after being diagnosed, he lived several months on that pointafter. It is because of our experience with his sickness and this disease that I wanted to be the voice that he go away behind. He fought a good fight and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis finished his frame. It is my mission to assist with the fight by bringing awareness through advocacy for those living with Lou Gehrigs disease and their families that they can live weighed down lives by accessing the resources available to them.Just What Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an incurable degenerative neurological disorder. The nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord, which run wilful sinew take upment, deteriorate the muscles waste away summiting to paralysis and eventu altogethery take aim to death.In 1941, study attention was brought to the United States when a baseball faker struggled with the disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or amyotroph ic lateral sclerosis, often called Lou Gehrigs disease. Each year in the U.S., about 5,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. It is a rarified disease and impact strikes those after the age of 40 and can affect more men than women.Lateral identifies the areas of the spinal cord where portions of the nerve cells that signals and control the muscles are located. As the area continues to degenerates, it can lead to both scarring and hardening (sclerosis) in the region.The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can eventually lead to their demise. As the motor neurons die, the brain ability to open up and control muscle movement is lost. You may lose the ability to spill, eat, move and breathe, and with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the motor nerves affected are the motor neurons that provide our voluntary movements and muscle control.Forms of ALSThere are three different types of ALSSporadicfamilialGuamanianSporadic is the most common form o f the ALS disease and it affects between 90 and 95 percent of all the cases. Familial (FAL) means that the disease can be inherited and in these families, there are 50% chance that the offspring can inherit the inheritable mutation and can develop the disease, and Guamanian is a high incidence of the ALS disorder that is observed in Guam and Trust Territories of the Pacific in the 1950s.Causes of ALSALS atrophy. Brain areas specifically affected in C9ORF72 cases (blue), in non-C9ORF72 cases (green), and all ALS cases (red).It has become clear that a number of defects can lead to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. In 2011, a look intoer advance was made when scientists found that the defect in the C9orf72 gene is non only present in ALS patients but also in patients who suffer from a type of front temporal dementia (FTD).In searching for the cause of ALS scientists studies the role of environmental factors such as exposure to toxic or infections agents, as well as accidental inju ry or behavioral factors. Studies shows that during the 1991 war those deployed to the Gulf region were more promising to develop ALS compared to military personnel who were not in region.How is ALS treated?No cure has been found as of yet, but the food Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995 approved the first drug handling called Riluzole. Riluzole reduces the injury to the motor neurons by decreasing the release of glutamate.The clinical trials of ALS patients have shown that the drug Riluzole has prolonged their survival by months, mainly in the area of those who has difficulty in swallowing. Riluzole have extended the time onward an individual has needed ventilation support. The drug has not reversed the damage done to motor neurons, and they must be monitored for damage to their lives and otherwise font effects. However, this disease-specific therapy has offered hope that the progression of ALS maybe slowed with new medications of drugs.Other treatments for patients with ALS to improve the quality of life is best provided by a team of healthcare professionals such as physicians pharmacists physical, occupational, and speech therapists social workers, home care, and hospice nurses. A physician prescribes the medication to ease fatigue while controlling spasticity, pharmacists monitors medication to avoid the risks of drug interactions. Physical therapy enhances their independence and cooperate patients with their range of motion.The team of health professionals teaches ALS patients with the ability to help them speak louder and clearly. Nutritional support by a nutritionists helps them how to plan and prepare olive-sized meals that supply enough calories, fiber and how to avoid foods difficult to swallow.Intermittent electropositive pressure ventilation IPPV or bi-level positive airway pressure BIPAP is utilise to aid breathing during sleeping. The devices inflate their lungs from external sources when their muscles are no all-night able to maintai n normal oxygen and carbon dioxide levels the devices maybe use full time. The severity of ALS, the lack of effective treatments, and the progress in ALS research helps identify targets making it more tractable to develop therapies for ALS. ALS is linked to other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers and Parkinson.Supporting People and ProjectsThe ALS familiarity offers grants and awards to private industries and scientists to accelerate the developments of treatments and a cure for ALS disease. The knowledge administers, The Milton Safenowitz Post-Doctoral Fellowship for ALS Research, the only post-doctoral fellowship for ALS research, and the ALS Associations Sheila Essay Award recognizes premier achievement in research of ALS disorders.ALS Association holds workshops each year, which brings together scientist researching ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. All of the Association staff holds leadership positions on a national and international organization to assist w ith unlocking the mysteries of Amyotrophic Laterals Sclerosis (ALS). ordinary PolicyPublic efforts in Washington, D.C. has raised the profile of ALS in the White House, members of Congress, federal official agencies, Centers for Medicare Medicaid (CMS), and including the National Institutes of Health. One of the signature accomplishments of the Public Policy Department is by eliminating the 24 months wait period for those disabled with ALS and had to wait forward they could begin receiving Medicare benefits. ALS is one of two diseases where the waiting period does not apply, and the waiver for ALS is the only change Congress made to the waiting period since it first began.Through public outreach, social media and the internet, The Association will continually raise awareness about ALS and the search for a cure.ReferencesKoroshetz, W. (June 2013). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Fact Sheet.NINDS, (No. 13-916). Retrieved from http//www.ninds.nih.gov.comMadsen, A. (2010, March 2 9). The National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov.al.comMadsen, A. (2012, February 14). Lou Gehrigs disease Info. Retrieved fromhttp//www.diseaseinfosearch.org/LouGehrig.comALS Association (2010). Retrieved from http//www.alsa.org/Project ALS (2012). Retrieved from http//www.projectals.org/ envision courtesy of Bede P. Bokde A.L., Byrne S. Elamin M. McLaughlin R.L., Kenna K. Fagan A.J., Pender N. Bradley D.G., Hardiman O. Multiparametric MRI study of ALS stratified for the C9orf72 genotype. Neurology. 81 (published online ahead of print) p.4.

Bipolar Disorder Essay -- Health, Diseases

Mental illness comes in umteen forms one of the most prevalent forms facing deal today is depression. The estate of depression encompasses many different types and forms, some of these are, Seasonal Affect deflect commonly called SAD, Bipolar Disorder, Postpartum, Chronic Depression, and situational depression to name a few. When many people think active depression they think about a person who is stereotypically down on life. However they dont fix the people who suffer from natural highs, as well as extreme lows. They dont see the people who at one intimate in time can feel really optimistic, and lead grad plans. They may be impulsive and make risky choices without thinking about their consequences. The next day they could have problems sleeping, sights of suicide, and be very irritable in nature (Segal, 2). These different symptoms are possible signs of bipolar disorder. This papers close is to explore these highs and lows, the types of bipolar, as well as types of peo ple who are accustomed to this disease, the types of common behaviors found in people with bipolar, and the kinds of treatment that can be taken. Most people are in there late childish to early adult years when they have their first encounter with a bipolar disorder episode. Another prevalent characteristic for those who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder is a genetic link many people who let bipolar disorder have an immediate family member with the disease. Many people who develop symptoms of bipolar are misdiagnosed initially due to the confusing incursion of symptoms (Segal, 2). Another group of people who strangely enough have a predisposition to bipolar disorder are Americans Americans bipolar disorder regularize is at 4.4%. whereas, the worldwide rate is at 2.4%... ...nding their lives. I believe that they judgement at that point they were only hurting their families by their depressive actions, they probably thought by give the axeing their lives they were making it better for their families. I sincerely trust that one day we will find a way to end the cycle of depression so that no one has to go through and through the pain that many people all over the world have had to go through when individual decides to end their life. One time in my family was enough two times was two times too many. The surmount thing you can do as a family member of someone of bipolar is be familiar about the disorder the more you have the more you can do to help should the need arise. One should as well as familiarize themselves with the warning signs of a possible suicide. I have disposed a brief introduction to bipolar as a medical condition but there is so much more to live on and learn.