Oral History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Oral news report - Research Paper ExampleI thought that the best way to explore this would be done exacting about her experiences with culture shock when coming to the join States. To do this, I knew that I ask to get to know Soo commonaltys reasons for coming to the United States. This would have an impact on the direct of culture shock she experienced and how she dealt with it.Soo Park was born in a rural area of Korea. Today, we would anticipate it South Korea, but Soo Park never used this term. She insisted that there is only one Korea and that soon there would be no rebel government in the North of the country anymore. Her family was well off. Her father had a shop that supplied everything from fertilizer to small tractors for local farmers. Soo Park recalls that she was luck to have such a entire man for a father. He loved her and never made her feel unimportant. In those days, she explained, the rural Koreans put all privileges upon their sons. Soo Parks younger bro ther was chosen to take over the family business at a young age. She said that it was typical for girls to simply prepare for marriage. But she loved school and was a good scholar. Her father saw this and arranged for her to go live in Seoul at a private school that taught in English as well as Korean. thither were American students that attend the school along with Korean students. The only problem with this plan was that problems were starting in Korea. Soo Park was 12 when she was to enroll in the school. This was 1958 and Korea was still an uncertain place as a result of the recent war. There were any American soldiers in and around Seoul and many of the rural Koreans did not trust the Americans. Soo Park remembers her father speaking favorably of the American soldiers he had met, but still expressed concerns about them beingness in Korea. She remembers him telling her that the Americans would be here in Korea for 100 years. Soo Park knew that her father was a acute man, but she had no idea that his words would be so true. In 1964, Soo Park finally could go to Seoul to finish her schooling. Her father had kept his word and felt confident that his daughter would be proficient for one year in Seoul. She earned the equivalent of her High School diploma and tried to learn about English, but found it very difficult. Soo Park recalls being so good at everything in school except English. She was actually a better math student than most of the boys, which made some of them furious. There was one male student, hydrogen Lee, which was even better than she at math. They became friends and fell in love. She knew that Henry was going to spend the next four years in the United State attending college on a scholarship. She wante3d to go with him badly, but knew she could not. The next four years of her life were difficult. She lived for letters from Henry. He canvass in California, but she was not able to attend college. Her mother pressed her to find another bo y to marry, but she refused. Her father was sad because she was sad. She spent her time helping in the family business and writing to Henry. last he graduated and sent a letter that informed her he was graduating, had become a United States citizen and was going to work for a statistics firm in northern Virginia. He invited her to come to live with him in America as his wife. Soo Park arrived in Washington D.C. in 1970. Her father and mother accompanied her. She talk little English and was completely unfamiliar with American culture, save the bit she picked-up from her classmates during her last year at school. Soo Parks mother was glad she was marrying a Korean boy, but was disappointed there would be no traditional wedding. Henry, who spoke perfect English now, said that a traditional weddin

Discuss how an understanding of the biology of insect pests assists in Essay - 1

Discuss how an infrastanding of the biology of insect pests assists in the manipulate of stored product pests - Essay display caseDue to the heavy economic damage caused by these pests, it is important to identify the biological characteristics of these pests in hostel to formulate effective strategies of eliminating them in our premises. This paper discuses how understanding of the biology of insect pests assist in the control of stored products pests. Characteristics of insects Entomologists and biologists bedevil researched on different characteristics of insects including those infesting stored products. Examples of insect pests that infest stored products involve grain weevils, grain and flour beetles, spider beetles, flour moths, mites and psocids among others (Heikki et al 1996). According to Robinson et al (2007), insects exhibit distinct physical, reproductive, and behavioural characteristics that enable them survive and figure in different habitats. The major defini ng characteristics of insects are three pairs of legs, three body regions including the head, thorax and abdomen. In addition, insects bodies are usually enclosed in an endoskeleton (Robinson et al 2007). Because they have jointed appendages, insects are classified under bigger animal group called arthropod (Robinson et al 2007). Many insects have wings for locomotion, and others use their legs to crawl on surfaces. Another defining characteristic of insects is that they develop from eggs. They go through different stages called metamorphosis after crosshatch until they become full-grown adults. Insects undergo complete or incomplete metamorphosis (Isaac, & Rami, 2009). Complete metamorphosis comprises of quartette stages, namely egg that hatches into larvae, then pupae and later an adult develops from the pupa stage. Incomplete metamorphosis comprises of three stages, namely egg, houri and adult (Isaac, & Rami, 2009). Another defining characteristic of insects is that they breathe through spiracles that are located in the pectoral and abdominal cavity (Heikki, et al 1996). The body of insects is relatively small and it varies in shape and colour depending on the particular species. In addition, insects have one pair of antennae that is used as sensory organ to describe smell, temperature, and other forms external stimuli (Robinson, et al 2007).Insets have different feeding habits and they have specialized mouthparts adapted to type a particular feeding method. For instance, insects that suck blood from animals or sap from plants have long strident proboscis. Others that feed on stored products such as grains have different mouth parts, such as mandibles and abrupt tooth like structures to enable them feed on the particular stored food material (Isaac, & Rami, 2009). Methods of controlling stored product pests Entomologists have developed different methods of eradicating insect pests infesting stored products basing on their biological characteristics. How ever, Jack and Nancy (1999) note that no method is ampere-second% effective and a combination of several techniques are applied. Some of the methods used to control insect pests include insecticides such as fumigants, biological control, sanitation, drying stored products, temperature regulation among other methods. Fumigants work by interfering with respiratory mathematical process of insects in large and medium sized storage premises (Jack, & Nancy, 1999). According to Heikki et al (1996), fumigants are mercurial and toxic chemicals and they kill the pest by suffocating. Chemicals applied in fumigation are effective at putting to death insect pests in different stages of metamorphosis. Biological information about these pests is

Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What Personal Statement - 1

Describe a place or milieu where you be perfectly content. What do you do or experience there and why is it meaningful you - Personal avouchment ExampleIts satisfies all the five senses It has this serenity that is exclusive, the standard atmosphere being inhaled is purified as there are microscopical or no sources of pollution, the wind that blows is gentle, the sound of the animals brings a feeling that one can get from no other place, and the taste of the wild fruits provides natures best, as compared to the fruits that reach the markets that have be heavy(a) using chemicals.The sense of nature being around me in its purest form brings a sense of peace. world in the woods gives me the peace that I can non get in an environment that is characterised by the hooting of vehicles and moving machines and the nemesis of being mugged or knocked down by vehicle. It also takes me a counsel from thinking about unfinished businesses and more of lifes worries. The woods present me wit h an opportunity to hike, making me reconnect with nature in the best way that the earth we live in provides. This is also an opportunity to go biking and feel the adrenaline as the air rushes past me and the earth moves fast behind on a a rough terrain that ignites my endurance.The wooded environment is also good for hunting, which makes me be in touch with other forms of life such as birds of disparate types, rodent, snakes, and lizards among other animals. Watching animals in the wild is for me one of the greatest wonders that this world presents. Seeing how the eagle preys on the rodents from the moment it targets its prey to the time it catches it is simply amazing. This makes me appreciate nature that no form of human art can be of that complexity. Seeing how the ecosystem balances itself reminds me that there is an important part that I was created to do on earth. As every part of the ecosystem has and fulfils its purpose, so do I have a purpose that I am to fulfil.My recen t visit to the Grand Canyon was an experience of a lifetime - one that I would not want to wash away from my memory. The place is such a

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management Assignment

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management - Assignment practiceted in many organizations, resulting in role duplication, confusion and overlaps that cause conflicts between members of an organization, and also results in ineffective use of manpower (Rao & Krishna, 2005412). Thus, possessing the right delegation skills is precise important, since poor delegation can be very disruptive and even destructive of an organization.Good delegation is associated with developing people within the organization to turn over their maximum potential, motivating workers and enhancing teamwork. In addition, effective delegation is a prerequisite for grooming the right replacement to a management or any other relevant organizational position (Agarwal, 1986172). This way, delegating responsibilities does not only make the management of an organization very effective, notwithstanding it also helps in saving both time and resources, which would be applied towards training differ ent organizational members for different leadership positions in the organization. On the other hand, the failure to delegate responsibilities effectively can cause frustration, de-motivation and confusion, which end up in a cycle of organizational conflicts and poorly accomplished tasks (Muir, 19956).Therefore, delegating responsibilities is not the key to effective management per se, scarce the effectiveness with which such delegation is done. This makes delegation skills a very important management skill that is value improving for the managers (DuBrin, 2012287). In fact, delegating responsibilities does not only help the management to share tasks and activities and have them accomplished, but is also the basis of the futuristic strategy for succession planning and personal development, and a necessary pre-condition for honor promotions (Rao & Krishna, 2005408). In this respect, through effective delegation of responsibilities, the management is able to solve several organizati onal issues that would quest individual investment of time and resources. Thus, delegation is the

Currency hedging at firm level adds shareholder values Essay

specie hedging at devoted level adds shargonholder value - Essay ExampleMachiraju (2007) states, Hedging means securing oneself against loss from various risks that arises in international financial markets (Machiraju 2007, p.94). Currency hedging is an activity associated with hedging and is carried out for the purpose of elimination of risks associated with foreign currency transactions. For instance, consider a US based manufacturing company enters into a contract with a German stemma partner at $1 million. The contract amount is expressed in euros and 1 euro equals 1 dollar on the employment of the contract. Two years later, the value of the euro increases with respect to the dollar and hence it reached a level of 1 euro equals 2 dollars. It leads the manufacturing firm to suffer a foreign currency loss of $500,000. This loss empennage be avoided by the firm if it uses some currency hedging tactics. Capital hedging can save investors or firms from untoward shifts in the gl obal money market and it will also help them to achieve a fairish amount of return on investment even if the value of the currency falls during the period of business contract. An idea connected with currency hedging is that converting or exchanging currency while the exchange rates are favorable, and then invest the money in the home currency of the respective nation where we want to distinguish our investment (Sharpio, 2006, p.343).There are numerous capital hedging methods have been formulated in company to protect a firms future cash flows from exchange rate fluctuations. The firm can adopt most appropriate technique after considering a number of factors such as firms strategies regarding hedge, present market situations and possibility of future exchange rate fluctuations. According to Collier and Ampomah (2007), currency hedging methods can be classified into two such as internal and external hedging techniques.Under this

Eng101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eng101 - Essay ExampleHabits can lay a strong ground towards success or become the major threats of becoming successful. On the road to success, an various(prenominal) must continuously monitor his or her behaviours. He or she should realize that success requires hard cash in ones chips, patience, endeavour, and determination. With step up these traits, one becomes dormant and failure in life. Every individual who is successful has formed habits that failures dislike and fails to do. The harvest that human cosmoss reap is measured by the habits and attitudes they cultivate. Habits can be the basis for failure or the basis of success. Although everyone wants to succeed, the ability to fail attracts many deal because of the habits formed. conquest is grand in life in that it is the process of getting from one point of maturity to another. It means achieving or attaining goals. Often, one measures success by the accomplishments of dreams and hopes. Winston Churchill believed that s uccess is a journey from a failure to failure without losing focus, determination, motivation, and enthusiasm. Success can only be achieved if one is determined to embrace every challenge that comes the way with the adjust attitude. Successful people argon those that have tried many times to fully succeed in the last chance. Bruce Lee quoted that, one should not go for success but success should look for someone. Bruce encourages people to be themselves and express their feeling effectively. Successful people have faith in themselves and go out looking for success. These people believe that success is not the final journey, but the courage and passion to be successful is what that counts. David Brinkley quoted that, a successful person is the one who can build a strong metrical unit with the stones and bricks thrown at him. The courage to succeed is what differentiates successful people and failures. Successful people are those that force one idea and utilize it to make profit. T hese people are dreamers and they work hard to accomplish their goals in life. Successful people are not discouraged by obstacles or challenges that come their way, preferably their faults and failures are what that make them succeed. The difference between a successful person and others is not lack of knowledge or lack of strength, but lack of will. Success demands one to have a strong will to do the assigned duties. Having a strong will help an individual to excel even when situations or luck demands one to quit or fail. Successful people are not moved by emotions rather they are moved by facts about life. In other words, they are moved by things that heighten a better and fulfilling life. In its simplest terms, success is not so much measured by the line that one has reached or acquired in life as by the challenges and obstacles he has overcome. Overcoming many obstacles and challenges is what measures great success. whiz should not measure a mans success by how big or adv anced he climbs but how overcomes the challenges and bounces when he reaches the bottom. The formula for success is rising early to work, working hard, and enduring every challenge of life. Life challenges should be the stepping stone to success. The cost or price of success is hard work and having a strong determination that whether one lose or win, there is another room for being better and accomplish the best in life. It is important to note that, success is not measured by what an individual accomplished, rather by

Enzymes lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enzymes - Lab Report ExampleEnzymes can be defined as biological molecules that catalyze metabolic reactions that sustain life. Enzymes are made of a complex protein and catalyze specific chemical changes within the body of animals and plants such as digestion of food to call forth nutrients for the living organism thus the practise of all enzymes are controlled by the enzymes. Enzymes exhibit three major characteristics increase rate of reaction, act specifically only in one substrate to produce products and can be regulated from a take aim of high activity to low activity and vice versa. This can be achieved by regulating received factors affecting enzyme activity such as substrate concentration, pH, enzyme concentration and temperature (Bettelheim, et al, 2007).Lactase is a digestive enzyme that catalyzes the crack-up of lactose, a disaccharide sugar into simple sugars that can slowly be digested. Lactose structure is made up of twain rings which require a lot of energy to be broken down into ii molecules of simple sugars. Lactose enzyme catalyzes this reaction by reducing the amount of energy required for the hydrolysis of lactose into two molecules of monosaccharide (Jones et al 2013). Lactase is an essential enzyme for mammals necessary to breakdown lactose into simple sugars that can easily be absorbed, thus in lactating animals, this enzyme is available. However, as human beings grow older, they lose their ability to produce lactase enzyme, a condition often referred to as lactose intolerant. Many biotechnology companies have keep down up with high quantities of lactase enzyme which is used by lactose intolerant individuals. In this regard, lactase enzyme is added into milk thus lactose is predigested before ingestion.In the definition of enzyme above, we mentioned that enzymes are proteins hence just alike other proteins temperatures are likely to affect them. According to (), high temperatures

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study - Assignment Examplee liable to pay chief city gains tax on the sale value if the hurt at which he sells is higher than the market price of the shares on the date he inherited them. If the total gain is less than 10,000, no tax is payable and of course, sale at a lower price also does not attract tax (HMRC, 2012).3. deprecative Illness Cover pays out a lump sum amount when a specified disorder occurs, which for Kyles stimulate was a minor stroke. Once the claim amount is compensable, the cover epoch ceases and she is not empower to some(prenominal) other payments from the insurance company. A Permanent Health Insurance (PHI) policy would have paid her up to 65% of her pre-tax earnings until her normal date of retirement which is 65 years of age (Conner, 2013).When Kyles mother first considered insurance, the PHI policy would have been a better choice as it would have cover any medical condition that prevented her from working whereas the Critical Illness Policy w ould have covered lone(prenominal) a specified list of ailments. Since a medical condition that prevents work could occur at any age, the PHI policy would have paid her money each year until her scheduled retirement age (Bevis, 2009).For Kyles mother, the question now is whether the 68,000 lump sum she received from her Critical Illness policy at the age 59 is better than 65% of her earnings for 6 years that she would have received with the PHI policy.This question undersurface be resolved by finding out the yearly payments a PHI policy would need to take form for 6 years that would equal the present value of the lump sum she received. The interest rate is fabricated as 5%. The calculation is made in the table below and shows that an annual payment of 13,397.19 for 6 years from the PHI policy would have the present value that equals the lump sum of 68,000. To get these annual payments, the mothers annual salary when she had the stroke should have been 20,611.06.4. Kyle and H elen need to make a personal fiscal plan to meet both

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 1 - Essay Example1). The conflict has led to a legal suit by The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on behalf of the employee. According to the military commission, the employers branch of Bayou City Wings is believed to have discriminated against the employee because of her condition as an expectant mother. The so-called discriminatory action is based on the employers indemnity that provides for an automatic termination of employment later on a womans three months into maternity or a mandatory leave without payment. The commission however claims illegality of the policy leading to the suit that was filed in Texas (Tsikoudakis, p. 1). Facts around the case further indicate that the employee was fired despite her doctors advice that she could work until the last month of her pregnancy. According to the suit, the employer told the employee that its clients do not revalue services by expectant women and that her dismissal would be a lesson to other employees that the organization shall dismiss its pregnant employees or offer them leave without pay. The commission also reports other instances of similar treatments. In identifying illegality of the comp whatevers policy and its implementation, the commissions representative points out that the constitution provides for a womans righteousness to her employment as yet when she is pregnant. The employer therefore has no right to compel a woman into a leave, even at the womans best interest (Tsikoudakis, p. 1). Case analysis The case identifies legal issues in the dismissal of pregnant women. The first issue is the ethical approach to discrimination that is based on a womans pregnant condition. This is because the companys policy offers unfair treatment to women on the fundamental basis of their pregnancy. This contravenes social perspective that values pregnancy for recreation. Another aspect of the case, from a legal perspective, is a womans right to remain in full employment during he r pregnancy period. Employment and anti discrimination laws for pillowcase provide three categories of fosterion of womens rights during pregnancy, during delivery period, and after delivery. Employers are for example not allowed to use a womans pregnancy as a basis for determine her capacity to perform her duties. Similarly, a pregnant womans inability to perform her employment roles, delinquent to her pregnancy, must not be used to her disadvantage and she should be accorded a similar treatment to that of any other employee who is temporarily disadvantaged with respect to performance of employment roles. Another legal provision that protect pregnant womens interest at work is their freedom to work until such a sentence that their conditions cannot allow them to work anymore. The decision to seek leave from work is however, the womans and not the employers (Eeoc, p. 1). The facts of the case however contravene all these three conditions. Ms Castillos contract was for example e nd on the primary basis of her pregnancy as is evidenced by the companys policy and its implementation that has also seen other eight women lose their jobs at the organization. Castillo was similarly discriminated against on grounds of her pregnancy because she was not treated as any employee would have been treated in case of a short inability. The organization would for example not dismiss men or non-pregnant women because of temporary illnesses. Lastly, in her condition, and with her

BIM (BUILDING Information Modeling ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BIM (BUILDING Information border ) - Essay ExampleThe two kinds of BIM software package are authoring software and coordination software (Solibri, n.p). BIM process involves building design that require collaboration through computer moulds and not disjoints drawing sets. by the use of BIM, digital representations of buildings are do available and used for decision making, first class labor of construction documents, building planning, and predictions of performance and cost estimates (Solibri, n.p). BIM is employed in modeling and not drawing (Solibri, n.p). Modeling permits the designers to see the building and its parts from numerous angles. In addition, clash detection in the design variety every(prenominal)ows designers to identify faults and correct them prior to commencement the building (McNell, 9). Early errors detection implies that costs involved in on-site correction are eliminated. Coordination is emphasized and facilitated by BIM through the use of a data monu ment where team up members easily access information to confirm questionable aspects like building elements compatibility with the rest of the building. through BIM cloud, BIM models by different team members can easily be viewed and edited and the consequences of each action made accessible to all model users (McNell 9). BIM is used to provide precise inclusion and modeling of prices and upgrading of bids and jut set accuracy. Through the visualization designs, clients can verify design intention and sharedknowledge through virtual design and construction then strengthens clients satisfaction. 2.0. BIM precaution Although BIM reinforces construction team members collaboration through the use of a shared information database to create a virtual model, there is heated debate over the management of BIM (AUGI, n.p). The ownership of BIM is left to DDC or the department of Design and construction. The model ownership is extended to include all inventions, designs, ideas, and method s contained inside the model. DDC reveals that peripheral users like contractors and consultants are only granted short lived use of BIM which terminates with the completion of the project and all copies of BIM copies have to be returned to DDC (AUGI, n.p). Basically, the project models contained in BIM from pre-conception to completion belong to DDC while project team owns just the idea. BIM teams include architects, designers, engineers and contractors and owners. The owner submits his or her beg for service to the architect (AUGI, n.p). The architect then validates the request in front designing the building. The architect provides the engineer with the building model and the engineer then uses computer support design 3D visualization and modeling through Revit and creates 3D design or imports ordinary 2D drawings that have 3D information to establish perfect renderings from 3D (McNell, 15). Using BIM, designers investigate substitute notions gestate out value engineering and come up with finest designs. The contractors then revise the documented construction before commencement of physical construction. From the model, project owners are then involved in project aspects since they gain spry and vast information which is formatted to satisfy their needs. 3.0. BIM practice BIM process involves four main stages which are design, build, operation and maintenance. The BIM model life cycle begins with the request from the owners. At first, the owners do not have sufficient information on what the final product will have (Eastman, Teicholz, Sacks and Liston,

Critical apprisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical apprisal - Essay ExampleImplementation of different visuals in the process of study is very much important and every learner should try hard and deal with the challenges of the contexts and bizs of idiot box films and tv set clips shown to them during their lessons. It is not very easy for a teacher to find the most attractive and interesting plot of the film or a video clip, which will be comprehensible for the students audience and would trigger their hike discussion and critical thinking. Visuals in Learning Visual instrumental roles play a significant role in education environment. Visual materials support oral and written information given to the students in the classroom. Visual back up economic aid both students and educators to organize information in a better way. Interactive experience created with the care of visuals reaches students with a broad range of abilities and types of information perception. Canning Wilson (2001) points out that visual materials are demand in the formulation of content samples of a foreign language, which improves the comprehension of the audience. Visuals include various types of materials, such as videos, pictures, posters, charts, and slides. The main tool in a classroom work with any language is a textbook. Textbooks provide well-structured and pre-determined information which is essential to build up a lesson workflow. However, successful language practice would be impossible without supplementing materials that help teacher create a socio-cultural context, which is necessary to help students penetrate into foreign culture, enrich the classroom environment and help the audience experience real-life situations. With the help of visual tools, teachers provide examples of lifestyle and behavior in the country of a target language. Practicing real-life use of a language would be impossible without creating contextualized situations that visual tools help to build. Visuals work efficaciously for student s who have different levels of language proficiency because visual aids stimulate imagination and interest in the foreign culture and language. A lot of practices and methods in foreign language study may be supported by visual materials. Some points that are difficult for understanding can be simplify with the help of visuals. The first article by Xiaoning (2007) On the Use of Video Clips in College English teaching method/utilisation du videoclip dans lenseignement de langlais universtaire is devoted to the strategies and tactics of video clips implementation in the process of the English language learning as a second language. The author talks about implementation of both video clips and video films in the learning process. Films and clips in the original language (English) can attract the students attention and be utile in their learning process (Michigan State University Center for Language Education and Research (CLEAR), 2007). Moreover, it should be note that visual media , such as multimedia equipment, and a teachers desire to deal with innovations and challenges in the learning process are necessary conditions for a potential success of this type of learning approach. at that place are some multimedia course wares, which are available for the students together with their course

Linguistic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Linguistic - Assignment ExampleWork and family are both big so that does as well.Choong-hoon spoke the most. His co-worker Jun-gil also spoke a allot. This might be because Choong-hoon is the oldest masculine in that location. Although everyone made fun of Jun-gil for only speaking to Choong-hoon, he did actually talk a lot as well. This is plausibly because he is a guest who does not know everybody else, so they wanted to know to a greater extent round him and also help him to relax.People were all polite to Jun-gil, who was not a member of the gathering before. So they asked him polite questions about his family and job. Between most of the other people the discussion style was a lot more filled with jokes as people were more familiar with each other. Even when this is the effort the polite conversation markers like oh-bba were sometimes used. Interestingly they sometimes seemed to be used to just open the jokes not be taken personally. For instance when I told Choong-hoon to mind his own business.Disagreement or prisonbreak usually goes along with the gender of people. For instance when Hye-jung did not speak clearly, it was another girl who said something about it first. Choong-hoon then did say he thought so too, but he did not say so straight away. Also when Jun-gil is talking about whether he was working during his wifes labor, Jun-ho, another male, is the one who interrupts him.A lot of the special Korean words like oh-bba would have to be explained. More importantly the reasons for these words would probably not make sense to people outside of the Korean language speakers group. Because in Korean there are different ways of speaking to people depending on how well you know them and whether they are sr. or more worthy of being respected than you, it might be confusing for people who do not speak

Organizational Behavior Concerning Change within the Workplace Term Paper

organizational Behavior Concerning Change within the Workplace - Term Paper ExampleABC Merchandise, a U.S-based manufacturer of sports products, is facing a pronounced downturn in business. Top management has decided to slenderise its hands. This managerial action is expected to improve the efficiency of the firm and, subsequently, to enhance its competitiveness. Their management is facing the question of how to go about downsizing and which downsizing strategy or strategies to adopt? A downsizing strategy directly, or indirectly, impacts stakeholders such as management and non-management employees, communities, suppliers, and customers. At issue is whether the savings from employee reductions may, under certain conditions, be more than than offset by rising agency costs and other stakeholder costs. Studies conducted by Amundson, Borgen, Jordan, & Erlebach (2004) and Armstrong-Stassen (2004) have highlighted negative cause of firing and layoffs on surviving employees, which in clude high degrees of stress due to increased workloads and job insecurity, reduction in organizational commitment, and lack of trust in management. Therefore it is important that downsizing process must entail long term thinking and it should b done in the context of coherent plan. curtailment Impact on Stakeholders Not all downsizing outcomes are positive. The evidence continues to prove that downsizing is barbaric business, often leaving a legacy of inhumane management which targets only symptoms and in the long point destroys the future health of the organization. About half of the organizations never see the benefits expected from downsizing. Long-term decreases in drive costs are achieved by fewer than two-thirds of the organizations that downsize and less than half of the organizations realize any lasting improvements in profitability (Hopkins & Weathington, 2006). The simple fact is downsizing doesnt guarantee increased profits. Organization begins internal and external actions to reduce costs. If downsizing is selected, four steps follow (a) planning for downsizing, (b) communication of the workforce reduction, (c) implementation of the reduction, and (d) managing the new workforce (Mondy & Noe, 1993). Each of these steps has associated human resource issues. During the planning stage, rumors and unintended organizational messages are a problem, because the prescience of reductions interferes with communication. During the actual reductions, coping with the reduction activity is the chief concern. Finally, when managing the new workforce, survivor issues emerge. All of these lead to reduce organizational effectiveness indicated by increased turnover and decreased productivity (Mondy & Noe, 1993). Companies often manage to decimate the right numbers of people in the wrong areas or lose some of the best minds, peculiarly if cost cutting is the driving force (Mondy & Noe, 1993). New employees must be recruited and trained, contractors hired, or e x-employees brought behind as contractors. All of these situations create problems. Unfortunately, the increased costs for training the workforce, working necessary overtime, contributing to retired person health benefits, and making severance payments catch organizations unprepared for the total expense. Prospective employees are likely to revoke a

Application Of Geographic Information System in Defense Organisations Essay

finishing Of Geographic Information System in Defense Organisations (Army, Navy & Airforce) - Essay ExampleThe future soldiers and right on army will not be able to survive in culture technology milieu without any availability of randomness army and GIS. The advancement in army makes sure that modern maps ar too present. In fact, the term modern map not only mean an up to visualize map but also includes transparency (that is, being able to be used simply, from the users point of view) along with perfect accuracy. The higher-than-average data content is available in ensnare to support army the special military aspects. There is no doubt that any extra element related to entropy may be needed in browse to execute task, planning and implementation. The old maps will position disadvantage due to chase traditional methods. The old traditional method has changed it is not applicable to accompaniment standard topographic maps along with special information. Thus, in this mann er creating thematic maps that helps to gather useless information of the users. on the other hand, the essential mapping background is currently adjusted in order to provide special information. ... In order to implement the defense task for the national security, public governing and society it is important to have all the information regarding artificial objects on surface and geometric information of natural objects. Moreover, we have also demonstrates the semantics related to events associated with the domain of outside(a) perception and image processing. Likewise, the events were incorporated with attachment of vegetation shield by consuming two indexes i.e. using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and symmetry Vegetation Index (RVI). Moreover, along with these indexes, supervised and unsupervised classification is also conducted that is related to different information classes illustrated on an image. Moreover, these events also include images and pictures tha t are captured via satellites that are powered with remote sensing technology. The advantage of remote sensing is that it can detect objects in real time along with providing coverage of an expanded champaign within a short period of time. However, remote sensing can be divided in to two types i.e. expeditious remote sensing and passive remote sensing. The active remote sensing provides an fortune to be utilized at any time throughout the day and regardless of any season. Moreover, active remote sensing also facilitates the inspection of wavelengths that are not effectively illustrated by the Sun. In addition, it also takes charge of the illumination on the targeted object. On the other hand, passive remote sensing requires the Sun, in order to brighten the objective or the target. Moreover, this type of remote sensing uses reflected waves to measure the distance. As (Smith 2010) states that remote sensing based on active methodology needs a significant amount of energy mention

Introduction and conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction and conclusion - Essay ExampleThe school is an weighty place in the life of either student. It is their second home and significant source of knowledge and venue for mastering skills. In this regard, the environment of the school must encourage students to have the zeal for education so as to raise their academic performance. Secondarily, schools ar where students spend most of their time each day. Therefore, the facilities of schools should offer a variety of ways to appeal to the learners and leave among them a good impression.The classroom is an important environment where students are exposed to aspects of different fields ranging from basic education to professionalism. Recent research has proven the relationship amidst performance and classroom facilities. Normally, classroom facilities can either engage or deter students from learning, thus poignant student attendance and academic performance. Tailoring classroom facilities to the developmental needs of stu dents can improve the direct of student performance in the classroom.Both the physical and social aspects of classrooms should be considered in order to wedge positively on students academic performance and social adjustment (Syakima et al., 2011). The basic requirements of a classroom are safety and cleanliness to foster good wellness and safety. Classrooms should be free from falling objects, well-lighted and well-ventilated. In a report by the U.S. Accounting Office (cited in Schneider, 2002), it was noted that 15,000 schools suffered from poor IAQ, thus affecting health of more than eight million children. The statistics show that a lot of efforts are yet to be through to ensure the safety of school classrooms. However, ventilation and sanitation are only basic requirements in every classroom. The future classroom should have more than the basics. It should respond to the needs of future students. To do so, schools should carefully finalise and respond to the needs of student s. Some of these

Job description and person specification Essay Example for Free

Job exposition and person specification Es put forwardA communication channel exposition is a written document that lists the main tasks, duties and responsibilities required in the cable place. At Woodbridge high schoolhouse frolic descriptions argon present for every suppose from c betaker to the head teacher post. The following ar the main features of a business organisation description.Job title for example head of departmentJob location at WHS in Woodford unripe EssexNature of the organic law, WHS is a secondary schoolLists of main testsStandard expectedPay and other benefits progressThe person to whom the billet hold reports to, at WHS the head of department will report to senior oversight team. Who the job hold is in intrust of, head of department will be in charge of subject teachers working in that department.The job description is important to WHS as they use it for appraisals, identification of gentility needs for WHS staff and afford determination. Wit h out this document WHS would not squeeze the right candidates for the job which in turn will affect there performance, or might lead to a lot of resources being wasted on training.Person specificationThis document sets out the qualities of an ideal person for the job. The format of a person specification is based on Rogers 7-point plan. This plan requires WHS to distinguish between essential and desirable qualities at a lower place each of the seven headings.1. Physique, health and look, this includes grooming, looks, dress sense, voice, hearing and eyesight as well as general health matters. Due to safety issues WHS might not utilize staff if they have HIV/AIDS.2. Attainments, this includes raisingal faculty. At WHS all teachers argon required to have degrees the school will not employ whatever teaching staff who does not hold a degrees in a stain subject.3. General intelligence, organisation such as WHS uses IQ tests and by assessing general reasoning ability of the candi dates WHS can estimate the IQ of the candidate.4. Special aptitudes, this section includes skills with words, with poetry, with musical instruments and with artistic technique. WHS needs people with such skills this improves the schools results performance.5. Interests, WHS would like to know whether the candidates are intellectual or practical or social or a mixture of them all. WHS would prefer to employ some one with a mixture of them all because of being a mixed culture school.6. Disposition, this is an assessment of the persons acceptability by other staff, leadership qualities, the persons emotional stability and self-reliance.7. Circumstances these are factors such as age, whether applicant is single or married, mobile or not.Evaluation of the job descriptions/ person specificationadministrative benefactorThis job description is very drawing it lists the job title as administrative assistant for Woodbridge high school. It lists the name of the organisation but does not li st its location and there is No hollo for the applicants to send the act to if they were to apply. It lists the main duties and the person whom the applicant reports to as the director of administrative service. further dumb the job description does not interpret potential applicants with the all the tuition that it should provide.In fact this job description would not receive both applicants applying for the job simply because there is no address to which application forms are to be sent. The job description does not provide culture active pay and benefits, hours the applicant will be working and does not revert aims and objectives that the person should be aiming for. The JD does not talk nearly the purpose and does not give any conduct details. WHS could improve this job description by providing a brief outline of what WHS does this will give the potential applicant an idea of what to expect if he is employed. The document should does not list a point of contact, it do es not tell the applicant who he/she will be responsible for and it does not have a deadline for the application forms.WHS could also provide pay and other benefits and onward motion prospects, if WHS give this information on there Job description they are more likely to get many people applying for job because applicants would know how much the job is going to pay and what promotion prospects are involved. Promotion prospects are very important because about people dont want to get stack in one career level not moving on. With the shortage of staff to work in school in London east this job description would not get very many applicants applying for job because it does not provide the most important information that applicants look for.The person specification does not give potential applicants the right/ clear level of qualifications required it states that a good level of general education is required. Different people will understand this in different ways. WHS should give the applicant clear qualification levels that the job will require. It states what they will gain and learn from the post. It does not mention any thing about physique, health or attainments. Nothing concerning ages and sex of the person required has been stated. The person specification needs a lot of adjustments as its very brief and does not give applicants the information they need to know for this job as an administrative assistant.Teacher of drama (CPS)The job descriptions provides the applicant with the most relevant information for the job for example job title, purpose of the job, principles duties and responsibilities, and general duties. It also states to who the teacher will be reporting to. But it does not provide the most important information that every potential applicant will be looking like the objectives and aims of the job.For example most applicants will be interested in how much they will be earning/ salary which the job description does not show. It does not show promotion prospects of the job which applicants are interested in as they would want to know what will happy in the future if say they got the job would there be a chance of being promoted to a higher post or are they going to be stack in the same position for ever. Because WHS did not provide this information it might discourage applicants to apply for the post leaving WHS with no one to cover the post. It also does not talk about the aims and objectives of the job and number of hours to be worked.In future WHS should provide a brief outline of what it does, pay and other benefits, and promotion prospects this might lead to more people applying for the post. Also WHS would in general need to give an address to which the applicants will send the application forms, because with no address the job description is useless as no one can apply for the job because they dont know were the organisation is set and to whom they should send application forms.The person specification for the teacher of drama lists clearly the qualification required it states what welcome the applicants must have and the abilities. However the person specification could have been improved to provide physique, health and appearance requirements that the job might require. This person Specification should be adjusting to include skills and knowledge need for the post.Deputy headteacher-development-LI7+O.L.A.The job description provides the applicants with information about the reputation of the job. What the job involves, its purpose, job title, principal duties and responsibilities, to whom the applicant will be reporting to and who the applicant is responsible for.Though this document provides most of the relevant information about the nature of job so far this document would not attract very many applicants because WHS has missed some of the most important information the applicants would most be interested in e.g. pay and working conditions. WHS should provide information about the location of the job/ WHS they should also give a brief outline of what WHS does. The job description should state the aims and objectives of the job on offer, and hour that need to be worked. It does not state whether the post is full-time, part-time, momentary or permanent.WHS could improve their job description by adding information about pay/ salary per class and other benefits that the job will offer for the applicants. Applicants will also be interested in promotion prospects they will want to know what will happy in the future for example would there be a chance of promotion after a stain number of years working for WHS. As in all the documents WHS does not give point of contact and address to which application forms are to be sent, this causes problems as applicants wont know were to send the application forms.The person specification lists qualifications and experience required however it does not provide information with regard to the ideal person for the job for example it does not provide information about physique, health and appearance, general intelligence, interests and special aptitudes. It does not give any contact numbers for contact.All the above job description and person specifications are brief and dont not provide any form of contact details e.g. addresses or telephone numbers which are vital for the application forms to be sent back to. They dont tell the applicants of the location of the job, so applicants dont know how far to travel and what travel cost might be acquired. The job descriptions and person specifications need a lot of improvement e.g. contact details, pay and benefits, hours worked, and promotional prospects if they are to attract any body to apply for the posts.

Shiseido Presentation Essay Example for Free

Shiseido origination EssayAdd more doors Enhance promotional packages with full product line Train beauticians to realise a relationship Beauticians educate customers into the correct use of the products advertising Enable shop online Get world-wide marketing benefitsJapanese zen design influence Social Media Presence Mens turning point Mens place Focusing on FB, twitter and beauty blogs Creating newsworthy, interesting, share-able brand content utilize on line FB contests to enhance users participation (i. e. post your secret beauty tip, share it with friends, gather the well-nigh likes win the Shiseido products) Offering product related gifts/vouchers/samplesMapping of influential beauty/lifestyle blogs and using them as indirect WOM devices Sharing Shiseido news, photo shootings, campaigns from abroad Being the ultimate spot for girl-talk, regarding beauty, cosmetics, skin care issues At current and new doors Easy accessible Familiarization Awareness Explore while girlfrie nd discussing with consultant recover more innocent Closer to Purity Closer to Life Luxurious solutions to differentiate from from conservative, classic brands. fractions club with exclusive activities such as Yoga, spa. Targeted use of media depending on segment

What patriotism mean to me Essay Example for Free

What patriotism mean to me EssayLoading Older Messages (11) sunlightAntahlia Napier10/13, 908pmAntahlia NapieryeaMondayNate two-year-old Migo Thompson10/14, 501pmNate Young Migo ThompsonWydAntahlia Napier10/14, 509pmAntahlia Napierchillen presentlyNate Young Migo Thompson10/14, 515pmNate Young Migo ThompsonIn woodland?Antahlia Napier10/14, 515pmAntahlia Napieryea im in da houseNate Young Migo Thompson10/14, 516pmNate Young Migo ThompsonWho Im woodland*inAntahlia Napier10/14, 516pmAntahlia Napierion no im in the HOUSENate Young Migo Thompson10/14, 520pmNate Young Migo ThompsonLol who was by thereAntahlia Napier10/14, 526pmAntahlia Napieri dont no i seen jarmed them when i was oming home like and hour ago provided ion no i dont go outside so idkNate Young Migo Thompson10/14, 543pmNate Young Migo ThompsonIf i come out there yhu gone come out lolAntahlia Napier10/14, 543pmAntahlia Napierim fiinna come out therewell nvm yea ill come outNate Young Migo Thompson10/14, 545pmNate Young M igo ThompsonWhere to?Where you gone be?Antahlia Napier10/14, 545pmAntahlia NapierDa poolNobody there anywaysNate Young Migo Thompson10/14, 546pmNate Young Migo ThompsonMeet me where we use to be?Antahlia Napier10/14, 548pmAntahlia Napierand where is tt u dont flat be doing nunthing anyways so what we meeting for? Nate Young MigoThompson10/14, 550pmNate Young Migo ThompsonOh well never foreland then if you dont want toTuesdayNate Young Migo Thompson10/15, 523pmNate Young Migo ThompsonAyeTodayAntahlia Napier503amAntahlia NapierWessuhhpp?Nate Young Migo Thompson504amNate Young Migo ThompsonWyd today

Mergers and Joint Ventures Essay Example for Free

Mergers and Joint Ventures sampleWhen a company is first born, the last thing on its owners mind is confluence with another company. A meltr is sometimes a voluntary and sometimes and involuntary transaction. If a company has found itself in a place of financial difficult or is simply exhausted all its resources to remain open, a merger may be the only way its employees can retain their position. The alternative would be to blind drunk its doors and give up. Below we will discuss the differences between horizontal, upright piano, and conglomerate mergers and how these differ from a joint venture. swimming mergers occur between businesses within the said(prenominal) industry. Often between organizations that sh be the same space or sell similar competing goods or function. A horizontal merger is simply put deuce companies who unify to work as one to make the goods or services better or more profitably. A good pattern would be when Hewlett Packard and Compaq merged. Two rival competitors selling similar goods who merged together to act up making products as a team.According to the Minority Business Development Agency, a vertical merger occurs when two or more firms, operating at different levels within an industrys supply chain, merge operations. The creative thinker behind a vertical merger is synergy. When two companies that are not necessarily selling the same type of product or products, but are in the same supply chain merge together to make a more efficient company is synergy. One example of a vertical merger would be if American Airlines merged with Boeing manufacturing company.This would cut out the middle man between American and Boeing, and give American more control of the process, versus having to go through a middle man. Conglomeration mergers are mergers between two companies that take away nothing in common. Usually these two companies merge to diversify their holdings. An example of a conglomeration merger would belike a company that makes ice cream merging with a company that owns grocery stores. Although the two companies are different, one can help the other and so make a profit for both of the companies.The difference between a conglomeration merger and a joint venture is that a joint venture can be entered into by any two companies working separately from their original purpose on a joint project that will take a crap a profit for both companies. The companies agreeing to a joint venture do not necessarily have to change their original company structure or management. The original company may be a different entity entirely. Joint ventures enable companies to diversify.All of these mergers are example of companies that joined forces, and either one or both disregarded their individual identity. A joint venture in comparison is when a moneymaking(prenominal) enterprise is undertaken jointly by two or more parties, while maintaining their individual identities. This could be when a cable company and p hone company create a joint venture to offer their customers services yet have all their bills on one tab. This makes it easier for companies to offer discounts for bundling services and makes it easy on the customer because they can go to one place rather than several places for different products.Referenceshttp//www.investopedia.com/terms/h/horizontalmerger.aspMinority business development agency, U.S. Department of Commerce, (n.d.), Retrieved from http//www.mbda.gov/node/1409 N. Jones, 2010. Mergers vs joint ventures Whats the difference? Retrieved from http//www.brighthub.com

Issue in Sports Essay Example for Free

Issue in Sports EssayIntroduction The piece of well-being is a natural concern for the whole of mankind. It involves the maintenance of a balance, within him or her, with his or her fellow being and with the environment. The integral role of the individuals wellness however is of extreme importance. The looker of health negociate verses medical checkup care. health care refers to the prevention, remedy and handling of illness and the upholding of mental and fleshly stature through the services of the allied institutions include cordial insurance, which is a government undertaking for the underprivileged, injured, gray or even jobless citizenry. A pool of contributions from employers and also government income funds social insurance. Health care also includes medical aid, and is a federal state funded program that avails health care gain the needy. Primary health care is the aspect of professional health care availed to the patients or distressed at first contact with th e health care system. Medical care or Medicare is an insurance section of health care for the aged, focusing on the age 65 and over, that is funded and managed by the federal system.Whereas medical care is give to serving a given age, health care is a broad section (that also includes medical care). The relationship between Health care, and the roots of our cultural convictions Cultural convictions, existing as ethical and social values dictate the context within which systems function. Civil values like the special stewardship for safeguarding the sacredness of life and the Hippocratic oath influence health care immensely.The relationship of health care and former(a) society demands creates other set of values i. e.availing consumers their respect, high quality service, provision and good value for money whereas consuming employee safely, impartiality and a sensitive system (to their plight) they can be proud of. Religion essentially spirituality counts to a greater extent so i n matters of health care. Take the example of the Salvation Army movement on the communication channel transfusion debate. Some other religions will not allow the grafting of tissue from other individuals other than the patient. Constraining health care outreach to the desired of subject, as doctors and nurses refuse to perform medical procedures due to their personal beliefs.Dr. Saha Somnath in the study of the Relevance of Cultural Distance between Patients and Physicians to Racial Disparities in Health care portends that patients reported better relationship when seeing physicians of their own ethnicity or race. explains the cultural racial disparities in health care. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As addressed to the health care forum, in May 1998 by Daniel Yankelovich Americans bring on embraced an expanding pluralism of groups, ways of thinking, points of view, subcultures and values. That as the world changes and newer systems are embraced its necessary that our social values which con currently impact on the economy and spiritual (belief) beings be on a balance with the health policy we pursue. References 1. Harold G. , A dun cultural Dialogue On healthcare Ethics, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1999, USA. 2. Lee G. , A Cross Cultural Analysis of set and Political Economy Issues. Greenwood/Praeger 1994, USA. 3. Susan H. , Religions, Culture and Healthcare A practical handbook for use in Healthcare Enviroments, Radcliffe Publishing, 2006.

International Management Essay Example for Free

International Management EssayQ.1. Good governance is one of the qualifying features for describeing inbound enthronization. What ways in which governance can be improved to help countries value from foreign investment?Globerman and Shapiro (2002) studied the effects of governance quality on Foreign Direct Investment inflows and outflows, by victimization a sample of underdeveloped and developed countries between 1995-1997. They applied HDI (Human Development Index) and ESI (Environmental Sustainability Index) along with Kaufmanns sextet governance indicators which include junction and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and jibe of corruption) to assess the impact. They found that good governance had a strong positive kinship with FDI inflows. Thus, countries can benefit the most from inward investment by improving on the six dimensions of governance suggested by Kaufman et al (2009).In ward investment generates job opportwholeies for local citizenry and addition the level of sparing military action in the host country. It besides raises competition in the domestic market and the standard of living of people by improving the quality of products/services being offered, reducing prices and giving more value for money. With FDI inflows, developing countries benefit from transfer of technology and management practices. Many MNCs (Multi-national companies) drive research victimization, innovation and are obligated for training the human capital of a little developed host country. Labor productivity and increase in real incomes of citizens of a country are important benefits of FDI inflows into a country.Countries must encourage economic freedom and liberalize trade in order to benefit from FDI inflows. A sound financial brass including banks, stock markets and bond markets attract foreign investors. A strong financial system onlyows MNCs to spread out and die their expected potential and does non limit their growth due to capital constraints (Alam, Mian Smith). When MNCs get opportunities to dilate their operations, they bind investments in the host country. This additional investment from foreign investors and companies drive economic growth and development in the host country. Governments must develop secure property rights, put in place an efficient human race sector and limit regulatory bans and restrictions on foreign companies.Governments must take measures to improve the investment humour (by offering incentives, tax holidays, reduce import duties) to attract and retain foreign investment. Also, governance should be do transparent and free of corruption to gain maximum benefit from FDI inflows (Globerman, Shapiro, Tang, 2004). Government regulation should hardly depend to correct market failure and protect the welfare of the consumers, environment, employees and society. Bureaucracy, red tapism, complex documentation and regulations should be eliminated to attract more foreign investment and derive maximum benefits from it. Corruption not only deters foreign investors nevertheless(prenominal) also limits the spill over effects of economic growth and development to the masses.To reap the maximum benefit out of inward investments is to improve governance in the areas of human capital development. An educated and healthy men not only attracts foreign investors but also facilitates quick and effective knowledge and skills transfer. A less skilled and physically weak human resource of a host country starts to rely on the foreign investors and learn nothing from them. Thus, governance and budget allocations in the areas of human capital and infrastructure development must be improved. Such effective governance that protects local interests from unwarranted exploitation but also at the same time creates a conducive environment for foreign investment benefits the most.Q.2. Is sustainability a newfan gled meaning? Discuss the extent to which handicraftes and government have joined up to sustainability?Sustainability was well defined in a 1987 UN Conference as accumulateing present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This encompasses ecological sustainability and human sustainability. Ecological sustainability refers to redesigning organizations to contribute to sustainable economic development and the protection and substitute of the biosphere (Dunphy, 2000). Human sustainability means building human capability and skills for sustainable high level organizational surgical procedure and for community and societal well-being (Dunphy, 2000).Many telephone circuites and governments did not include sustainability as one of their primary objectives to achieve. parentage organizations focused all their efforts and strategies on maximizing profits, even if that entailed exploiting the environment and depleting natural resources to obta in short precondition financial benefits. Governments too ignored this important issue. However, this wide cattle ranch ignorance and disinterest towards sustainable development that prevailed ten long time ago has been reversed. The awareness about the issue has increased now but a lack of cooperation and mind between the businesses and governments has limited the success of initiatives towards sustainable development.There is a battle between voluntarism and compulsion personnel casualty on between governments and businesses (Cowe Porritt, 2002). According to Cowe and Porritt, prominent businesses understand their responsibilities, but governments have not taken up their share of responsibilities, suggesting that voluntary business action towards sustainable development is better as compared to government interposition that ultimately has a negative impact.Government policy makers wrongly believe that attaining sustainability just involves devising environmental controls or em ployee protection laws to reduce exploitation while the businesses hold that by increasing the efficiency and productivity of their existing production systems they can prevent wastage of resources and environmental degradation. Sustainability actually involves developing whole new business models and incorporating organizational cultural change. It is the job of the governments to create awareness and give incentives for businesses to change their policies, procedures and incorporate sustainability in their resource and mission.U.S department of physician presents an example where a government department has increased the awareness sustainability. U.S Department of Commerce has encouraged U.S. firms to implement sustainable manufacturing practices. Instead of creating environmental and employee laws and levying tax charges on firms, the U.S Department of Commerce has spread the perception that firms that adopt environmental and economically sustainable manufacturing processes are able to reduce their cost of doing business and gain competitive advantage. U.S Department of Commerces Manufacturing Services unit has introduced a Sustainable Manufacturing first (SMI) and Public-Private Dialogue with the aim of outlining U.S. industrys most pressing sustainable manufacturing disputes and coordinating public and esoteric sector efforts to address these challenges (International Trade Administration, 2010).Q.3. Using familiar case study, apply and critically evaluate the strategies for refinement into emerging markets?In recent times China and India, the deuce most fast emerging markets in Asia, have presented great opportunities and large market segments to be explored by foreign multinational companies. These countries not only have large consumer bases for products of international companies but also provide highly talented, educated yet less costly human resource (Van de Kuil, 2008).Taking the case of India, we understand that various MNCs have used anti thetical elaborateness strategies to enter the Indian market. Licensing and franchising is an effective expansion strategy. Licensing refers to an arrangement by which the licensor or the international society gives the right to the licensee to use patent rights, trademarks, copyrights or product or processes know how (Levi, 2007). Franchising refers to an arrangement or relationship whereby a franchisor provides a license to the franchisee to use the franchisors blur name, production techniques and management techniques in another(prenominal) geographic market. Franchising was used by McDonalds to enter the Indian market.The advantage that McDonalds had by using franchising to expand into the Indian market was that it did not have to invest large sums of money in India and so did not face any financial risks and development and set up costs of business. It was not only a cost effective way of expansion but it was a quick way to expand. Franchisor (McDonalds) has considerable con trol over the management and processes of the franchisee and at the same time benefits from the local knowledge of customer behavior and market trends that the Indian franchisee possesses.The Indian franchisee benefitted as it did not have to develop brand identity or brand positioning. It simply had to leverage the already effected brand name and equity of McDonalds. However, a major challenge that McDonalds had to face in India was that of maintaining quality standards that it has internationally. In developing countries, it is difficult to find employees that are already trained to carry out the standard services.Strategic alliances and Joint hypothesiss are other important expansion strategies used by foreign companies to enter the Indian market. Strategic alliance refers to an agreement between two companies in order to combine their value chain activities for the purpose of competition advantage (Levi, 2007). Joint Venture occurs when one company has enough stake in another company that gives it a right to voice opinions in management issues but does not allow it to dominate. When the international retail giant Wal-Mart wanted to expand its business to India, it formed a joint supposition with Bharti Enterprises, Inc in 2006.Wal-Mart benefitted immensely from this joint venture to establish itself in the Indian market. Both Wal-Mart and Bharti Enterprise were able to form a working business unit (Fea, 2009). Wal-Mart was able to mitigate reputational and legal risks as it had a local partner involved. It was able to comply with all the Indian government restriction for foreign investors. The only likely threat to both the parties of this joint venture is that conflict of objectives and strategies may create rift between the two partners and raise risks for both.

Public Administration and Management Essay Example for Free

frequent Administration and Management shewIntroductionPublic administration in Britain takes place through a variety of severalize agencies with change histories, functions, as well up as patterns of semipolitical control and accountability. These comprise the civil utility a life-sized number of local bureaucracies serving an elective g overning body of local administration an another(prenominal) massive judicature administering the National Health usefulness (NHS) and, under the acronym quango, a diverse range of organizations responsible for a classification of administrative, consultative, advisory in addition to regulatory roles. In addition there is a compound of tribunals, inquiries, an ombudsman sy stalk and the judiciary, which together dispense administrative justice. The architecture of the advanced(a) aver was drawn mainly in the 19th century, when the rising industrial bourgeoisie required a means of supporting the emerging capitalist economy. A nu mber of major(ip) reports and Acts of Parliament catered blueprints for a competent and meritocratic modern civil service and the system of sellfully managed municipalities. Reconstruction follo throw outg the Second World War added a innovative layer to the modern state with the making of a inclusive wel farthere state, including the NHS, and the nationalization of a number of chief industries in the form of cosmos corporations.From the eighties an additional chapter was opened, as the post-war Keynesian beliefs were ch eitherenged in the rise of neo-liberalism under the judicature of Margaret Thatcher. The bureaucratic terrain was re-landscaped, part of a procedure distinguished as a hollowing out of the state (Rhodes 1994 1997). change surface though talk of improve had long featured on the political program, the public bureaucracies had established a renowned capacity to resist change. However, this time the thoughts were backed by resolute political will. A fundamental intellectual dynamic came from interpretation based on rational individuality under the name of public choice theory (Niskanen 1973).This was usually suspicious of public bureaucracies, which were seen as principally self serving. a lot of the applicatory reform in structure and management was stirred by the model of the private area, where it was reasoned that the bulwark of the profit motive secured greater efficiency, effectiveness as well as economy. The oratory spoke of reinventing government (Osborne and Gaebler 1992) though to critics it emerged as abandoning government in an anti-statist crusade.A program of privatization cut sheathe through the state industrial sector while giving rise to a new generation of regulatory agencies. Much of the civil service was re roll into a compound of agencies with a greater aim of autonomy from the centre, and the sight of quangos began to grow as responsibilities for a variety of functions were transferred from the realm of elected local government. Indeed, processes of market testing as well as compulsory competitive tendering saw the stipulation of certain services passing from the state altogether and into the hands of the private sector. The arrival of a proletariat Government in 1997 did little to stem the tide of change. Furthermore, this new government occasioned further seismic shifts through devolution to Scotland and Wales.Great Britain intromits the nations of England, Wales and Scotland, while the coupled Kingdom extends the embrace to northerly Ireland. These cultural forms were recognize in an outline of administrative regionalism. For long this prompt little political feeling only in Northern Ireland were separatist tensions felt. Nonetheless, during the 1980s, nationalist foreparts gathered amphetamine in both Wales and Scotland this sequentially generated few draw towards English regionalism. Thus the state has been forced to equal itself with issues of territorial management and ta ke in close to chief allowances to diversity (Thompson, 1997).Rooted in a write up dating from the take-over of Ireland by the Tudors and re-con betoken first by Cromwell and later by the Protestant William of Orange, Northern Ireland dwarfs all other territorial problems of UK Government. Coming to smudge in the year 1997, Tony Blairs first official journey was to Ulster and Sinn Fein was invited into new recreation talks. After indirect negotiations, which include some mediation from US President Bill Clinton, an agreement was reached which includedA Northern Ireland assembly of 108 elected by PR with legislative powers under an all-party executiveA North-South Ministerial Council to reflect on issues for instance cross-border co-operationThe Irish Government to give up constitutional claims to Northern Ireland and Westminster to reinstate the Government of Ireland ActA Council of the Isles comprising members from the north and south of Ireland and the Scottish and Welsh assem bliesThere were besides to be releases of prisoners in addition to a decommissioning of arms. The agreement was effectively put to referendums in Northern Ireland and the land in May 1998. Elections were held, that advancement began to slow down.Scotland and WalesIn the UK mainland, Wales and Scotland had been governed as provinces from London, with Secretaries of State in the storage locker and Grand Committees in Parliament. Public administration in the provinces came under Whitehall outposts, the Welsh and Scottish Offices. Nonetheless, from 1979 an extremely concentrate government heightened a mood of separatism, placing strains on the veracity of the state which were to go off in architectonic constitutional shifts in 1998.The configuration of the two new assemblies was intended to release a safety valve on the separatist pressure. On the other hand, opinion polls began to show rising support for the SNP and its objective of carry through Scottish independence in the backg round of the EU. Comparable murmurings were heard in Wales, a country that had through very fine from its European involvement (Jones 1997). Labors central machine showed an enthusiastic touch on to have its chosen men as the draws of the provincial parties (and hence first ministers in the assemblies) representing a keen aspiration to keep the provinces under the Westminster wing.Nonetheless, when the elections by the additional member system (dHondt version) to the new assemblies were held on 6 May 1999, the Labour caller, with 28 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 59 of Scotlands 129-seat assembly, failed to win unconditional majorities in either province. A future of alliance government loomed. furthermore, with 17 seats in Wales and 35 in Scotland, the nationalists were second placed in both cases, possibly presaging further separatist pressure (Drewry, Butcher, 1991).EnglandDevolution debate reverberated into England with requirements for regional independence. A pol itical split was opening as from the early 1980s voting patterns gradually more revealed the Conservatives as a party of the southeast. past the ballot box an economical split yawned as huge deindustrialization and the collapse of mining con represented communities in the north. The economic fo recast organization, the Henley Centre, erect per capita income in the south-east to be 20 per cent higher than in the rest of Britain (Wagstyl 1996). A European way report of November 1996 established that, while post-war economic revival had closed the poverty gaps in the midst of western Europes states, wide dissimilarities remained between regions, the greatest being within the UK.The British public sector, with numerous of its customs cast in the nineteenth century, has for long been criticized as managerially incompetent. The post-war era saw repeated efforts at reform all through the public sector, though few do any lasting notion before the 1980s. eer since this time there has been something of a renewing as what was phrased a new public management movement became a familiar international influence (Hood 1991 Lowndes 1997). It was to send shivers to the very foundations of the state, reforming structures as well as practices.The nineteenth-century reforms recognized a custom of elitist generalism and social superiority in which Oxbridge graduates schooled in the classics were to lead the upper reaches of the state bureaucracy. This was to agitate substantial post-war debate. The onset in office of a Labour Government in 1964 pledged revolution and the 1968 Fulton Committee set up by Harold Wilson criticized the cult of the amateur. It resulted in the formation of a Civil utility Department (CSD) in Whitehall to supervise managerial reforms all through the service, and the establishment of a Civil Service College to offer continuing operating training.One proposal which failed to stimulate was that entrants should hold relevant degrees the place of the generalist administrator remained unassailed. In the 1990s, Richards (1996) initiated the generalists promotion prospects still significantly brighter than those of the specialist. In the interim, the Civil Service College had fallen well short of the de depotined position envisaged for it and the CSD had been ignominiously wipe out from the bureaucratic map.Not until Thatcher took the bit between her teeth did a grave breakthrough come. In her first year of office an Efficiency whole was set up headed by Sir Derek Rayner of the retail giant Marks Spencer. He initiated a system of scrutinies in which competence teams studied recognized practices and suggested reforms, an enterprise which achieved more than anything before (Hennessy 1990619).Even so, the reforms did not go far enough for those of a fundamental bent. An even greater culture shock was to come when Robin Ibbs took over the Efficiency Unit and produced the 1988 report, Improving Management in Government The Next Steps. This was the report which led to the recasting of the Civil Service as executive agencies. Despite its structural impact the intent in this initiative was essentially managerial (Elcock 1991236-42). Once established, the new chief executives were given a free rein to publish a wide range of management practices such as performance-related pay and short-term contracts in the quest for efficiency. A special unit was created in the Cabinet Office to maintain the reforming caprice.The government also back up developments by abolishing the Northcote-Trevelyan model of centralized recruitment through the independent Civil Service Commission for some 95 per cent of appointments. Responsibility was to lie with the unhomogeneous departments and agencies themselves. A Recruitment and Assessment Service was created to offer central assistance if required although, amidst heated controversy, this itself was privatized in 1991. The result was a variety of terms and conditions of betrothal throughout the service.There were limits to the revolution. Government radicals had wanted the reforms to reach the senior mandarins, subjecting them to short-term contracts, market-testing and large-scale appointments from the private sector on the revolving-door principle. For most civil servants, anticipating a life insulated from the chill winds of the market economy, such(prenominal) of the managerial reform process was demoralizing. While academics in the right-wing think tanks applauded the changes, many other academic critics saw in the quest for efficiency serious threats to the fundamental public service ethos (Elcock 1991188 Chapman and OToole 1995).There was some feeling that the reforms reflected political antagonism towards civil servants as much as a quest for improved management the term deprivileging was sometimes heard. The Treasury and Civil Service Select Committee noted that in 1992/3, 768 million expense of activities out of the 1.119 billion subjected to ma rket testing were contracted out without civil servants even being allowed to make in-house bids.The conventional management structure in local government entailed separate departments responsible for the provision of various services, each headed by a chief officer and responsible to a particular council committee. A master of ceremonies of post-war critics saw this as slow, cumbersome and diffuse. A major debate in the 1960s concerned a corporate management model in which a powerful chief executive would displace the traditional town clerk to give substantial leadership at the centre. Councilors, faced with a palpable handout of power, proved resistant and traditional practices persisted, although often under the camouflage of some changed nomenclature.New impetus came with the Thatcher government activity and was elaborated under John Major (Kingdom 1999). Looking as always to the private sector, much was made of the concept of the enabling authority the emphasis was not on the direct provision services but on promise them out to the private and voluntary sectors.Such a practice was by no means new but, from the late 1980s, it became central to government policy, with compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) introduced for an ever-widening range of functions, from refuse battle array to professional, legal and accounting responsibilities. A policy of care in the community, coming into force in April 1993, added impetus by requiring local authorities to make use of private and voluntary-sector residential homes for their widening community care responsibilities. In opposition Labour had poured scorn on the policy in government it maintained the contracting out principle under the term Best Value.The managerial implications in CCT were profound. Although local responses varied with political complexion, few authorities could remain untouched by the culture shift. Even where there was no fend for for contracting out, teams of officials had to endure cons iderable stress in producing competitive in-house bids in order to keep their jobs. Colleagues found themselves in competitive relationships with each other, some becoming contractors and others providers (Audit Commission 1993).Moreover, the drawing up and monitoring of contracts required the skills of lawyers and accountants rather than elected councilors. Majors Environment Secretary Michael Heseltine produced a consultation document, The Internal Management of local Authorities, stressing that the control and co-ordination of large workforces would no longer be the central management task. The paper looked for speedy decision-making and strong leadership, advocating local cabinets, appointed council managers or, most radically, directly elected US-style city managers with high public profiles.The latter had held little draw in to Heseltines party but, in a February 1998 consultation paper, Modernizing Local Government Local Democracy and Community Leadership, the new Labour G overnment declared itself very attracted to the model of a strong directly elected mayor (para 5.14). The promised Greater London Authority was seen as a suitable flagship for innovation. Here the mayor, served by three or four deputies and a small bureaucracy of around 250, would set policy objectives and an annual budget (of some 3.3 billion). The role of the councilors in the assembly would be approving rather than determining the budget.Responsibilities of the new mayor would include public transport, the fire brigade, strategic planning, trunk roads, traffic management, the ambulance service and possibly the arts. In addition, responsibility for the metropolitan Police Force would be taken over from the Home Secretary. The potential power of the new office would be considerable, and both main parties showed alarm as the names of some of their more maverick members were canvassed. For Labour leader Tony Blair, the nightmare candidate appeared to be the left-wing Ken Livingstone, ex-leader of the old GLC and extremely popular with Londoners. The nightmare became reality in May 2000.There was an expectation that this model would be extended to other major cities. All 494 councils were asked to submit plans to central government showing how they would separate the decision-making role from that of representing constituents. Three options were offered a leader elected by the council who would appoint a cabinet from the councilA directly elected executive mayor who would appoint a cabinet from the councilA directly elected mayor working with a full-time manager appointed by the councilConclusionThe general election of May 1997 saw the end of an 18-year gunpoint of Conservative rule during which the administrative landscape of the state had been radically recast. Few corners of the public sector could be said to have escaped some aspect of the winds of change which included privatization, agencification, CCT, market-testing, public-private partnership ventures , the emergence by stealth of the new magistracy and the general spread of a private-sector managerial ethos.In opposition, the Labour Party had maintained a prolonged crusade against most of the reforms, and many supporters had looked forward to the advance of the political bulldozers to level the ground. In power the party kicked off with a number of significant constitutional moves over devolution, the electoral system, the ECHR, the House of Lords, the Bank of England and the reform of local government. However, the party in power termed itself New Labour and deliverance orders appeared over the recently privatized sector indeed further privatizations were soon mooted in the cases of the Royal Mint and product line Traffic Control, and the remodeled Civil Service and NHS.In local government grant-maintained schools remained under the term foundation schools, and the second-stringer of CCT with Best Value was, in the eyes of critics, little more than cosmetic (Theakston, Fry, 1998). Moreover, there remained something very much like a capping regime over local government expenditure. In managerial terms, the three Es of effectiveness, economy and efficiency continued as the holy trinity. As the millennium closed it was safe to verbalise that, while the British public sector would remain in the state of flux allowed by its unknown and unwritten constitution, the substructure had seen some tectonic shifts from which there would be little reversal.ReferenceAudit Commission (1993) Realising the Benefits of Competition The Client Role forContracted Services, London HMSO.Birkinshaw, P. (1997) Freedom of information, parliamentary Affairs, 50, 1164-81.Chapman, R.A. and Toole, B.J. (1995) The role of the civil service a traditional view in a period of change, Public Policy and Administration, 10, 23-20.Elcock, H. (1991) motley and Decay Public Administration in the 1990s, Harlow Longman.Hennessy, P. (1990) Whitehall, London Fontana.Hood, C. (1991) A public ma nagement for all seasons, Public Administration, 69, 1 3-19.Jones, B. (1997) Wales a developing political economy, in M. Keating and J. Loughlin (eds), The Political Economy of Regionalism, London Frank Cass.Kingdom, J. (1999) centralization and fragmentation John Major and the reform of Local Government, in P. Dorey (ed.), The Major Premiership, Basingstoke Macmillan, pp 45-7.Klug, F., Starmer, K. and Weir, S. (1996) Civil liberties and the parliamentary guard dog the passage of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, Parliamentary Affairs, 49, 4536-49.Lowndes, V. (1997) Change in public service management new institutions and new managerial regimes, Local Government Studies, 23, 242-66.Mandelson, P. and Liddle, R. (1996) The Blair Phenomenon trick New Labour Deliver? London Faber. Nicholson, E. (1996) Secret Society, London Indigo.Osborne, D. and Gaebler, T. (1992) Reinventing Government, Reading, MA Addison-Wesley.Rhodes, R.A.W. (1994) The hollowing out of the state the changing nature of the public service in Britain, Political Quarterly, 65138-51.Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance Policy Networks, Governance,Reflexivity and Accountability, Buckingham assailable University Press.Richards, D. (1996) Recruitment to the highest grades in the civil service-drawing the curtains Open, Public Administration, 74, 4657-77.Wagstyl, S. (1996) Nice work if you can get it, The. monetary Times, 18 December, 23.Theakston, K. and Fry, G.K. (1998) Britains administrative elite permanent secretaries 1900-1986, Public Administration, 67, 2129-48. Thompson, B. (1997) Conclusion judges as trouble-shooters, Parliamentary Affairs, 50, 1182-9.Drewry, G. and Butcher, T. (1991) The Civil Service Today (2nd edn), Oxford Blackwell.

Psychologists & prejudice Essay Example for Free

Psychologists prejudice Essay check to Dollards et al (1939) frustration-aggression hypothesis aggression that movenot be expressed directly at the source of frustration can be displaced unto a representation of the source (scapegoat), leading to bias and prejudice. Unlike the previous cases which have their origins in mixer learning or social identity this form of prejudice is borne out of the frictional broker of social int datection. A solution is therefore to reduce this friction as much as possible.The apartheid era in South Africa did recognise the problem of cultural friction and sought to address it by separating blackamoor from white. However, the separation was not fair favouring white (supremacy) over black. This in effect only amounted to replacing superstar source of friction and frustration with another.Typically, social frustrations are linked to exogenous economic conditions where the contrast amid the rich and poor is clearly sharpened. The challenge for any government to implement a solution to such frustrations may be simply be too difficult, or not at all practical.Germany in the late 1930s and early forties provides a good example of national frustration followed by an explosion of national prejudice and aggression. The application of the solution shaped the history of the 20th century. By grounds the origin and causes of prejudice, psychologists are able to propose methods and conditions that can lead to a reduction of prejudice. However, economic factors, social learning, and identity beliefs based on religion or culture may mean that any try to remove prejudice from free society will be met with limited success.

Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Example for Free

pertain of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style EssayAnything people do made could be called engineering, but usually people think of advances in using scientific noesis and applying it to a practical intent, like creating photovoltaic cells or wind turbines. technology interested in examples of a specific technology in expenditure, such as the lucre or Decision Support Systems.Technology set up solve most of our problems and e genuinelything which we ar using in our live for example radio, television, computing devices, internet, wandering(a) ph i, andThese argon called technology. We habituate technology in different places too for example at home, in offices, business, shops, or so on. Different people giveDifferent people will give it different meaning depending on their viewpoint and context. The role and impacts of technology in both our personal and lives argon ever growing. Technology is close to taking action to brook a hu man need rather than merely understanding the whole kit and boodle of the natural world.We end define Technology like this A body of knowledge accustomd to defecate tools, develop skills, and plainct or collect materials the coat of science (the combination of the scientific method and material) to meet an objective or solve a problems called Technology.Aim In this study I am sacking to tell around the life of rear magic trick is a engineer and he is 52 old age old he has 22 years experience and he is a businessman and he commit different technologies for his work and for his life he use the following technologies E direct diligent name laptop computer computer ComputerAnd in like manner I am report just about the life of thaumaturgy which how does the technology affect on his life and how this technology change his life, because tin said that 20 years past I gather in not any peregrine Phone, electronic mail address and Softwargon, which I come now, and he said that since 5 years the technology has changed my life and I potty not do my whole works without these technologies. netmail introduction netmail, short for electronic mail, is a system in which a computer exploiter can exchange messages with other computer users using a talks network. To use e-mail, you must deem approach to a computer that is linked to the outside world, via a modem, auditory sensation line, or fiber visual cable (Ethernet).Sending e-mail is similar to channeliseing postal mail, with approximatelywhat(a) very important differences1. netmail is thousands of condemnations faster. A message can go from Illinois to Australia in seconds2. E-mail is free on campus-there is no postage cost to students.3. E-mail is not as private as a regular letter.4. E-mail does involve learning how to use computer programs.5. Also, E-mail requires us to have a sign-on to the electronic mail system, and this usually involves having a pass sound out, too.6. E-mail can be displace to many people at the comparable era, and you can participate in on-going criminal recordussions on many subjects at the same time.7. E-mail can access information and file libraries, wellspring identify a message and win a document or pictures back inwardly minutes.8. E-mail often contains typos and young ladypellings because it is so palmy to produce and send.How/why he uses E-mail personally? nates uses e-mail to send his report to the company that he is working for at the time and to send or receive photographs over the internet. Sending reports over the internet saves a lot of time and is an easier method of communicating than through the post. Before he got the internet he used the post to send the report to the company. He use the internet to inform his partners, and when he fine an offer he can send an e-mail to all of his colleague to inform those and near propagation he sent some maps of homes from his own e-mail to other colleague, and also he use e-mail to sent some photos and videos too, and he said that I am not perpetually use my e-mail to my own work I use my email for enjoying and send messages for my Childs, wife, friends and to my families too.What is the advantages/disadvantage of e-mail?John said that E-mail Advertising, as strong as it is has both advantages and disadvantages. It is useful to be well aware of both sides of the coin as one embarks on the use of e-mail for their marketing and advertize, and he is also that the pricey news is that the advantages of e-mail advertising are numerous and far outweigh the few disadvantages.The advantages of e-mail which result on his life these are in the following1. Its faster. He received email almost present(prenominal)ly after it is send, usually within minutes.2. Its more(prenominal) conversational. Because of its immediacy, a whole series of e-mail messages maybe he exchanged within a very short time. As a result, email messages tend to be less formal and t hey are also usually shorter and more to the point.3. Because e-mail is so new, he has no hard and fast governs about what may be said in a message. These rules are evolving because of his increased use of email, as well as the advent of new technology that continually affects how he applies it.And he also said that e-mail does not have just advantages it has disadvantages too, now I am writing about the disadvantages of e-mail which effect on John life1. As he has realisen, one of the astronomicgest disadvantages of email is the capability for misunderstanding. Email has some other disadvantages as well. It can be used to talk to more than one person at a time, but the meaning for doing so can be a bit cumbersome. At its core, email is a one to one communication medium. Email requires active participation, and he has to check his email to get messages. If he does not check his email, he will never know that somebody has information linked him.2. Too more e-mail can lead to m anagement problems with his in-box being overwhelmed by mail.3. Due to its informal nature it is easy to his to ignore-unlike communication on the tele call up or mail.Which things E-mail contain?* Inbox An area in his mail retrospection that holds received messages that have not been read or processed.* Drafts When he saved some documents in his e-mail address, the files and documents which he saved before he can find in Drafts.* Sent The mails which he sent this sent item will tell him which files, letters, documents and images he sent.* Spam Internet spam is one or more unsolicited messages, sent or posted as part of a larger ingathering of messages, all having substantially identical content.* Trash rubbish and worthless material that is to be disposed of.* Contacts all(prenominal) his friends, families, workers and someone else that John knows them he can save all his e-mail address in contact and then(prenominal) can impinge on their emails easily and early when he wants. * Calendar We all know about meaning of Calendar, calendar is a system of organizing days for a heartyly, religious, commercially, or administratively useful purpose.* Notepad many important sentences that John want to save them Notepad is the place that he can save them all their.If John didnt have E-mail, how would it affect his job?John said if I didnt have e-mail address then I would lose my business, because I have scads of workers in my business I can see every one and telling all of them about their jobs, so the easiest way for me is that I am sending all of them and receiving the responses of them, and also by using my mail I can sent some maps and places and directions for my workers, and I am informing them, also I am using my mails to sent and receives from my family, and friends too.Mobile Phone introductionA Mobile Phone (also known as a Cellular Tele anticipate) is defined as a portable electronic device for the purpose of telecommunications over long distances. M ost current mobile shouts in truth connect to a cellular network of etymon stations (the cell sites themselves) which overlap to yield reporting and which also link to the standard landline public switched tele rally network. It should be noted that mobile thinks are distinct from household cordless tele earpieces which generally operate only within range of a use base station (though the distinction is blurring with mobile visits that can link via Bluetooth to a home internet base station).It should be noted, however, that the term mobile shout can refer to any type of mobile environ device and also includes satellite phones and radio phones. Most phones has camera which we can take photos, and record some videos too.How/why he uses Mobile Phone?John use mobile phones to be connect with his family, children, and wife and with his friends. And he uses his mobile phone in office and to his business to inform his workers and to be in extend to with the peoples which he works . He also uses mobile phone to send videos, photos, messages for every body which he wants. He uses different things that his mobile contain and the following things his mobile phones contain Messages, Contact, Alarm, Calendar, Fun box, Reminder, Call register, Tones, Profiles, Calculator. He uses Messages to send document and messages for his family, friend, wife and sons. He uses Alarm to wake up morning early for his job. And the calendar which his Mobile Phone contain he known thatwhat date is today and which day is today. And his mobile phone has admonisher to remind him some times which he forgot some works.And some times the times which he filling table he is going to Games which it mobile has and Playing some games, and his mobile phone has internet too that he can go too internet and see his mails and another things which we can do it on internet and he said that I am glad and I am filling too good cause I can solve my lots of problems with using the mobile phone.What are a dvantages/disadvantages of mobile phone when he use?Advantages of using mobile phone1. He can take it with him whom he didnt miss important calls.2. He doesnt have telemarketers bugging him at dinner time.3. If he has car trouble or an misadventure he can call for emergencies.4. He can take the pictures of accident or any things else by his mobile phones.5. If he is finding for somewhere he can call for directions.6. If he goes to store and wants to barter for something he can use his mobile phone for more details or for more information.7. He can use his mobile phone to see his mails and some sides.8. With integrated phones and their features, making his life ofttimes easier no matter what kind a profession or age a person is.9. Mobile phone doesnt have to call, he uses his mobile phone for the following things too camera, music player, features, emailing, document editor and so on.Disadvantage of using mobile phone1. John said I had an accident, because when I was derived I ta lked with my wife.2. Most of time he missed lots of important calls when he forgot his mobile somewhere.3. His mobile phone need charges for using it, therefore this is very boring and sad for John to charge it every day.4. When John has some meeting often his mobile phone disturbs him during his works.How good is it at fulfilling his personal needs?John has got a new version of mobile phone called (Nokia N95), which is the most technically advanced smart phone ever Complete with satellite navigation, a 5 mega pixel camera with auto focus, 3G video calling, with 8 GB chip, that his Nokia N95 contain.And the following things which his mobile phone includes they are most likely to fulfilling his personal needs.Some times John is recording with his phone everywhere and anything which he wants and can get images too.The Nokia N95 has almost everything else he could use them to fulfilling his needs* Music Player with support for all common music formats.* A stereo FM radio.* Integrated hands free speaker.* Speaker independent voice dialing.* Talking ring tones.* HSDPA (the fast data transfer technology dubbed 3.5G).How good is it at fulfilling his social needs?John use his mobile phone to be always in patch with his friends, workers, families, and businessmen and another ways to develop social and communication called text which he uses most of times.Texting is particularly important in maintaining contact with a wide social network allows him to maintain social bonds even out when he do not have the time, energy, inclination or budget for calls or visits. Texting re-creates the brief, frequent, spontaneous connections with members of our social network that characterized the small communities of pre industrial times.And also John hasnt always thinks about himself but he is helping people too and sometimes he teach some students in universities too for helping and some people calling him to solve their problems, and this is the easiest way for him to talk with lots of people without meets them. hotshot of the most dangerous of mobile phone is that when he is driving some times he picked up phone and it can cause accident which he did before.How does John use mobile phone at work?Often John uses his mobile phone to be in run into with his family, friends he is not using his mobile phone at office, but he has an office phone which is called handheld mobile phone.And handheld mobile phone is working same like mobile phone but it doesnt need any chip just he connected his handheld mobile phone on socket which needs electricity and he has three of these.And this handheld mobile phone is cheaper than mobile phone when he called somewhere and John is saying that he made me too a good deal busy therefore I cant do my works clearly and with good mind.He is using his mobile phone at office too, because some times handheld mobile phone is busy, then he uses he mobile phone he wants, and this is the biggest advantages of mobile phone.John said whe n I have bought mobile phone I filled too much comfortable, and my business also day by day change magnitude and I have got too much money. laptop computer Computer IntroductionI am writing a brief introduction about laptop computer and the kind of things which most of laptop computer (note books) containA laptop is a portable personal computer that is of a size that it can sit on our lap. Or we can define it like this Laptop (or notebook PC) is a portable computer that can be battery or mains powered. They provide flexibleness beyond the standard PC but often at a significant price premium.Laptop and desktop have big different and both of them are mixture words.Laptop means we sit it on our lap, and desktop means we sit it on desk.Laptop contains the following major features* Keyboard Keyboard layout is often sacrificed. The home, End, Page- Up and Page Down keys may not be dedicated, requiring that we hold down the Fn key at the same time. This can be very cumbersome if we use t hese keys a lot. Function keys and cursor keys are often made smaller, and one keyboard feels separate than another.* Screen Resolution Today, laptops use high-quality active matrix LCD screens. However, the built-in display system also feeds an out-of-door monitor for desktop use or a data projector.* External Display keyboard unifyors Connect a full-size CRT and keyboard for home/office. Even if we like our laptop keyboard, we may want to use an external one with our external monitor, so that both units are positioned comfortably. A full-size keyboard can be connected through the external keyboard port or USB port.* Built-in Pointing Device Either a touchpad or pointing stick is built into the laptop. There are differences. A regular purloin is always an pickaxe and connects via the mouse port or USB port.* Expansion Expansion is a little more critical with laptops than with desktops that have extra bus slots and bear on bays. However, nowadays laptops all have PC Card (PCM CIA) slots and USB ports, making them very flexible.* Batteries lithium ion batteries do not suffer from the retentiveness- effect of older atomic number 28 cadmium, and to a slightly lesser extent, nickel metal hydride.* Multimedia All laptops today have built-in speakers and generally include an optical drive (CD-RW, DVD-ROM or DVD-RW). DVD drives typically support all CD read and lay aside modes as well. A removable drive offers more flexibility for upgrading later.* Weight Seven pounds does not sound like much until we lug it around all day. To reduce poundage. Sub notebooks use external floppy. CD and DVD drives.One of the first time laptop in 1983, Tandys Radio Shack division launched the Model 100 micro Executive Workstation. It weighed only four pounds and included a built-in word processor, name and address numerate and modem. The Model 100 was inspiration for the huge portable market that followed.Laptop computers generally cost more than desktop computers with the sa me capabilities because they are more difficult to design and manufacture. A laptop can efficaciously be turned into a desktop computer with a docking station, a computer hardware coordinate system that supplies connections for peripheral input/output devices such as a printer or larger monitor.Laptop usually comes with displays that use thin-screen technology. The thin film transistor or active matrix screen is brighter and views offend at different angles than the STN or dual-scan screen. Laptops use several different approaches for integrating a mouse into the keyboard, including the touch pad, the trackball, and the pointing stick. A serial port also allows a regular mouse is attached. The PC Card is insertable hardware for adding a modem or network interface card to a laptop. CD-ROM and digital versatile disc drives may be built-in or attachable.How/why he uses laptop computer personally? later on all, todays laptops have just as much reckoning power as desktops, without ta king up as much space. He can take a laptop on the road with him to do his computing or make presentations. Perhaps he prefers comfortably working on his couch in calculate of the TV instead of sitting at a desk. A laptop is a full-blown, genuine computer that can do anything a desktop computer can do. John can do programming, word processing, spreadsheets, databases, accounting and multimedia presentations. The portability of laptops allows him to do many things that he cannot do with a desktop. He can write his sales proposal, article or business presentation while traveling on a plain or commuting on the bus or train or subway.What is Laptop computers computer memory?Laptops have memory, both RAM and ROM, just like desktops. The laptops ROM chip contains the BIOS just as it does in a desktop computer. RAM stores the application software and data files while the computer is on.RAM differs on a laptop in that it uses a different form facto that is, the size and shape of the modu les that carry the RAM. Manufacturers have to ramp up laptops to be portable (smaller) and to withstand more jostling (durable) than a desktop would ever get, so the memory modules have to be different. While some laptops use a standard Small Outland Dual Inline holding Module (SODIMM), others use the manufacturers proprietary memory modules. Most laptops should have at least 64 MB of RAM to have sufficient memory to run operating systems and applications software. Also, some laptops allow him to upgrade the memory of his computer and come equipped with convenient access panels to plug in additional memory chips.What is Laptop computers Disk Drives?Like desktop, laptops have various disk drive storage devices. All laptops have an upcountry hard disk drive, usually 6 to 20 gigabytes (GB). The hard disk drive stores operating systems, application programs and data files.Although the hard disk drive works the same in a laptop as it does in a desktop, laptops generally have less disk space than desktops and he will have fewer choices for hard disk drives in laptop. The smaller hard disk space is one of the top dog limitations of laptops.What are the advantages of laptop when john uses?John think when one thinks of laptops there are a few immediate advantages that come to mind. From John readings and personal experience these revolve around some of the following points* The flexibility and mobility of laptops increases access time.* They tend to be lightweight-thus mobile.* Can easily be moved around the classroom.* Give you the option of being wireless.* Being able to have them in class away from a lab tantrum time management factor* Portable on field trips.* One can get bit access to information (wireless or internet connected laptops)* Access in class to multiple online resources, await engines, encyclopedias and discussion groups* Participate in virtual communities.* ability to communicate and research at multiple levels.* digital brainstorming, outlin ing and presentations can be generated within classroom walls.* Note taking, webbing which then can be divided immediately.* Data processing, analysis incorporating online databases and spreadsheets.* Student with data processing can immediately check their results and develop immediate in class analysis.* It works 2 3 hours without any electricity.* It is small and has low density and can everybody bring whit themselves.* Greater ability to share, communicate and access students files or vice versa teacher assignments.* Ability to display and demonstrate leaning using a TV monitor or projector in office, or class accessing.* And our laptops have games too, which in bored time we can play their.What are the Disadvantages of laptop?* Laptops are more expensive* Slower than a desktop* Difficult to upgrade or repair* John has to lug it around all day* Much easier to drop or break* It can be easily stolen* If he speed his type the laptop will probably rock on his laptop with his typi ng which can become quite uncomfortable.How good is it at fulfilling his personal needs?John recommends that laptop users carry out prolonged task with their machine set up on a desk, with an external keyboard a mouse attached. This allows them to adopt a much safer posture, rather than the position a laptop forces them into. John said having a laptop means that I can work just about anywhere, and he also said If I go away for the weekend, I can take my work with me, and even do some of it on the train.He uses his laptop computer to see connect it with TV and see some movies, songs, BBC and so on.What is John opinion about laptop using?John said The use of laptop or notebook computer is widespread and many people use them regularly as part of the work process.Where a laptop is used regularly by people as a significant part of their day-to- day work, then these regulations will apply. In many cases employers will use the one-hour rule i.e. if a laptop is used continually for one hour or more than the employee will be classified as a user.There are three main categories of risk associated with laptop use1. Equipment design2. The environment that they are to be used in.3. Physical demands upon the use.