Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Identification Of Contemporary Issues Of Hotel Industry

1. Identification of Contemporary Issues in Hotel Industry. †¢ Issue: Some Hoteliers find it difficult to understand the importance and implementation of Social media strategy for their Business. †¢ Management area issue: Social Networking Marketing and Technology †¢ Introduction: The purpose of this research is not to evaluate how many hoteliers vigorously using social media strategy, comparatively is to examine the area and objective of the issue why some hoteliers don’t understand and grasp the importance of social networking as a new tool of communication with its consumers or guests. Recommending solution to this issue that can help different hotelier to implement social networking strategy and technology that can boost up their occupancy rate, repeat-purchase and customer loyalty. †¢ Justification: In service industry (Hotel Tourism) many Hotelier’s at present day banks upon social media to connect and interact with its customers. It is important for hotel industry to comprehend this experience and acclimate to this new form marketing and communication technology. With growth in consumer base and new generation been a part of new personnel, it is legitimate to conclude social networking strategy or social media tool to the hotel business to embellish the future. 2. Issue Explanation: 2.1: Some Hoteliers find it difficult to understand the importance and implementation of Social media strategy for their Business. A. What are factors or difficulties face by theShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management Of An Organization Essay2012 Words   |  9 Pagesorganization that helps in maximizing the performance of the employees for meeting the objectives of the organization. In this contemporary world, the importance of hotel and hospitality industry is increasing in a rapid rate and hence managing the people within the hotels and restaurants is now a major concern. This is because, it is generally seen that the hospitality industries that deals with the welfare and satisfaction of the customers, do not give much care and importance to the employees. As mentionedRead MoreProblems Faced By The Hotel Industry Essay2172 Words   |  9 Pagesproblem faced by the hotel industry that employees of particular organisation are not engaging to maintain the service operations in the hotels. Due to severe loss to the organization in the terms of bad quality, productivity and also harming to the reputation of th e hotels. The service industry (Hotel Industry) deals with the identification of the contemporary issue of Human resource management along with the discussion on the employee engagement process as the contemporary issue. According to my personalRead MoreHuman Resource Evaluation in Hotel Units1345 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource evaluation in hotel units By George Aspiridis and Dimitrios Kyriakou Section A The role of the human resources has increased exponentially throughout the past recent decades, during which time the employees have transformed from the force operating the machines into the most valuable organizational asset. In a contemporaneous business climate that is competitive and dynamic, economic agents have to devise a wide array of competitive advantages and strategic efforts to preserveRead MoreIdentifying Social Networking Strategy And Technology That Can Boost Up Their Occupancy Rate, Repeat Purchase And Customer Loyalty1724 Words   |  7 Pagescomparatively is to examine the area and objective of the issue why some hoteliers don’t understand and grasp the importance of social networking as a new tool of communication with its consumers or guests. Recommending solution to this issue that can help different hotelier to implement social networking strategy and technology that can boost up their occupancy rate, repeat-purchase and customer loyalty. †¢ Justification: In service industry (Hotel Tourism) many Hotelier’s at present day banks uponRead MoreContemporary Issues Of Hotel Industry Essay3571 Words   |  15 Pages Contemporary Issues in Hotel Industry Critique Article 1: Hotel Brand Strategy 8/8/2015 Student ID: 1000020140 Student Name Ames Patras Gill â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Presently the importance of brand loyalty in context of the hotel industry has become a debated issue. In the hospitality sector, various researchers and scholars have represented different perspective regarding brand loyalty. This paper will focus on critical analysis of the article â€Å"Hotel Brand Strategy†. Moreover, relevant evidences haveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Hotel Brand Strategy Essay3118 Words   |  13 Pages â€Æ' Introduction Presently the importance of brand loyalty in context of the hotel industry has become a debated issue. In the hospitality sector, various researchers and scholars have represented different perspective regarding brand loyalty. This paper will focus on critical analysis of the article â€Å"Hotel Brand Strategy†. This paper will provide an insight to the implicit and explicit assumptions made by the authors of the article. Moreover, relevant evidences have been provided in order to supportRead MoreHilton Case Study1444 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Identification The problem identified is that Hilton HHonors need to decide how to approach a different positioning stand and focus on differentiating its loyalty program from the recently announced Starwood Preferred Guest and other competitors rather than to match their program with Preferred Guest. It is recognized that other competitors such as Hyatt and Marriot who are part of the big players in the hotel industry have not respond to Starwood’s announcement. Thus, Hilton will need toRead MoreContemporary Issues Of Hotel Industry Essay2465 Words   |  10 Pages CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN HOTEL INDUSTRY Introduction The need for brand loyalty in the hotel industry is becoming a debatable issue for the different companies within the hospitality sector (O’Neill and Xiao, 2006). The assignment here focuses on critically analyzing the published article on Hotel Brand Strategy thereby identifying the different explicit and implicit assumptions made within the article along with the relevant evidences. The assignment further focuses on the analysis of theRead MoreData Analysis : Information Derived From Statistical Package For Social Sciences3523 Words   |  15 Pagesdata obtained from Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data is going to be presented in pie charts, tables and graphs. 4.1 Findings and discussions The results extracted from the questionnaire, which was distributed to the hotel staff or the hotel employees were as outlined below. Table 4.1 Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Male 27 42.2 42.2 42.2 Female 37 57.8 57.8 100.0 Total 64 100.0 100.0 From a sample of 70, male respondents constituted 27Read MoreChallenges of Sustainability Within the Hospitality Industry2152 Words   |  9 PagesUniversity  College  of  Northern  Denmark   CHALLENGES  OF  SUSTAINABILITY  IMPLEMENTATION  FOR  MARRIOTT  HOTELS  Ã‚   RESORTS A  management  case  assignment   by   Kelly  Hrupa   5th  semester  IHM  E  2011 ­2013   submitted  to  the  Department  of  International  Hospitality  Management  in  accordance  with   the  requirements  for  the  PBA  degree   No.  of  characters  (excl.  title  page,  table  of  contents  and  list  of  references):  11883 No.  of  characters  (incl.  title  page,  table  of  contents  and  list  of  references):  14472 Signature:

Friday, May 15, 2020

Godiva Chocolatier Swot - 2787 Words

Introduction Godiva has for a long time now being among the leading corporations in its area of expertise, chocolate. Currently, it records a sale of 500 million USD per year. It offers a very interactive, as well as customer service, where consumers are able to feel the staffs’ sincerity. Company history Godiva Chocolatier is a multinational Company that deals with manufacturing of premium chocolates and other products related to chocolates. Godiva was founded in 1926, in Belgium, but later purchased by the Turkish Yildiz Holdings, the owner of Ulker Group. It opened its first boutique shop in the Grand Place in Brussels. The company went global through opening its first shop outside Belgium in Paris, France in 1958. The company†¦show more content†¦The products in this market are not only purchased through the retail shop, but through online services where the customers purchase chocolate products in the comfort of their homes. The company has a plan of diverting more attention to Singapore, since Singapore is one of the wealthiest and prosperous nations and thus the demand for premium goods and services is high. Additionally, it has a population of approximately 5 million with a growth rate of about 24%. Therefore, this gives the company a wider target market. Competitive analysis Godiva has many competitors situated in Singapore. It faces competition from both local and international industries. For example, Royce and the Chocolate Research Facility is a local company in Singapore and a rival of this company. Other competitors in this industry include Leonidas, and Teuscher, among others. However, despite the harsh competition in this industry, this company has always been talked about by the lovers of chocolate. They trust and remain loyal to the company since the company is well known in the provision of high class and premium products which satisfy the customers. Therefore, despite the advantage the other competitors could have in this industry, for example, the local company, it still have a competitive edge in terms of winning the customer loyalty through providing products of substance. Future of theShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis of Rogers Chocolates1273 Words   |  6 Pagestake advantage of that availability. There are also other services available; there may be smaller private chocolatier companies that play a role in substitute products. Intensity of Rivalry among competitors in an industry The chocolate industry has a high level of competitive rivalry. There were many organizations manufacturing and selling high quality premium chocolate including Godiva, Bernard, Callebert, Lindt and Purdy’s. The competitors were making efforts to gain a larger market shareRead MoreGodiva Marketing Assignment9205 Words   |  37 PagesExecutive Summary Godiva chocolate has been a paramount in its field of expertise, chocolate. It has an annual sale of $500 million. Offering a very interactive and personal customer service, where customers could feel the staff’s sincerity. Our clients are chocolate lovers who love to indulge in the rich and delicious world of chocolate. Godiva chocolate offers a variety of chocolate which includes truffles, pralines, ganaches, nuts, fruit liquor, caramel, white chocolate, dark chocolateRead MoreRogers Chocolate Analysis21131 Words   |  85 PagesInstitute - Brussels, Belgium | | | Best Chocolatier The Best of the City Awards- Victoria News | | | Best Storefront Window Display The Best of the City Awards | 2005 | | Lifetime Achievement Award - Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce For displaying a sustained and significant commitment to the prosperity of Greater Victoria and serving as a positive role model in the business community for more than 25 years. |    | | Best Chocolatier The Best of the City Awards - VictoriaRead MoreRocky Mountain Audit8394 Words   |  34 Pages10. External Factors Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 3.11. Internal Factors Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 3.12. Mission and Objective Review................................................................................13 3. SWOT/TOWS Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 4. Strategic Alternatives............†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 5. Evaluation and Control..............................................................................................................Read MoreRogers Chocolates Case Study (Internal/External Analysis)10435 Words   |  42 Pages D. Strategic Group Map 11 E. Key Success Factors 12 F. Overall Attractiveness of the Industry 13 Internal Analysis 14 A. Identification of Business Strategy 14 B. Financial Analysis 16 C. SWOT Analysis 19 D. Competitive Strength Analysis 22 Test of Winning Strategy 23 A. Fit Test 23 B. Competitive Advantage Test 24 C. Performance Test 25 D. Summary of Tests of Winning Strategy 26

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay about Identifying Perspectives in Psychology

Daliva, Jennifer Period 0 AP Psychology January 24, 2012 Assignment 1.1.8 Part: 1 Case Study #1: In neurobiological perspective of psychology, biologists like, Weber and van Helmholtz believe that the endocrine or nervous system is related to behavior. Mrs. B is feeling depressed because something is affecting her nervous system. Her body isn’t producing enough serotonin to control her moods and emotions. A humanistic perspective focuses on the positive outlooks of being human. It emphasizes on the importance of people’s feelings. Like how Carl Rogers came up with the â€Å"self-centered† therapy, which mainly focused on understanding one’s feelings. It seems Mrs. B was very close to her father and her son, with her father’s death this could†¦show more content†¦It is stressful to deal with these unfortunate events that lower her motivation to teach and be herself. Case Study 2: In the neurobiological approach, Barry is feeling guilty because the lack of serotonin. His concentration and his attention to time is affected too from the lack of this chemical in the body. With a humanistic perspective, it seems Barry has a void in his love life and work life. In Abrahams Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, â€Å"the basic needs must be met before higher ones are satisfied.† Furthermore, since Barry didn’t reach his basic needs which were to go on a date with his co-worker it reflects his on higher need to go to a professional lever. This goes back to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; since he couldn’t fulfill the love part of his life he couldn’t fulfill the esteem part in his job. In a psychodynamic approach, Barry’s behavior comes from his childhood or unconscious conflicts. Barry missed his project date because he is unconsciously feeling overwhelmed from coming to his blind date late and not apologizing. He is putting himself down because he feels that he is a terrible person for making her think she got stood up. In a behavioral approach, Barry’s behavior comes from learning. John Watson’s experiments of classical aversive conditioning say learning from an unpleasant stimulus. He used to his daily routines, spending time with his mother and his computer. The fact the he has something new in his life, which was goingShow MoreRelatedThe Recruitment Process from an Organizational and Applicant Perspective1588 Words   |  7 PagesApplying Organizational Psychology Joy Peoples PSYCH/570/Organizational Psychology June 11, 2012 Introduction The focus of this paper provides a brief examination of the recruiting process from both an organizational, and applicants perspective. This brief overview attempts to explain how organizations use various methods to recruit prospective employees. This paper also explains the methods prospective employees, or applicants use to determine the quality and appropriateness ofRead MoreEssay on Theoretical Positions of Jung, Adler, and Freud1471 Words   |  6 PagesTheory While science worked diligently to quantify and validate early structuralist perspectives in psychology, early functionalists were hard at work developing theories that were more qualitative in nature. Although not directly associated with the functionalism movement, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James were clearly most concerned with how psychology could improve the lives of the individual and less inclined to laboratory research. Through each psychologist’sRead MoreHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1320 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Susan Hardin University of Phoenix Abnormal Psychology PSY/410 Krisit Lane, Ph.D. October 25, 2011 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Historical perspectives of abnormal psychology sounds complicated, mainly due to the differing definitions, or interpretations, of what is considered abnormal. Identifying someone at work or in a social situation who appears to be behaving abnormally is easier to spot than it is to define theRead MoreInsomnia814 Words   |  4 PagesTechniques Used to Treat Insomnia Theresa Duarte PSY 101 Freshman Introductions to Psychology November 24, 2014 Techniques Used by Professionals to Treat Insomnia I. Summary and Analysis of the Research. Majority of clinicians are not certain on whether to use medication or behavioral therapies to treat insomnia. Majority of them are not aware of the effectiveness, usefulness, and the importance of non medication methods. The topic here will discuss the various methods that healthRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1055 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The American Heritage Medical dictionary (Website one, 2007) defines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoringRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1049 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The American Heritage Medical dictionary (Website one, 2007) defines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoringRead MoreThe Behavioral Theory Of Psychology863 Words   |  4 PagesBehavioral perspective is through reinforcement, which is the idea that patterns of emitted behavior can be selected by their consequences. In the early 1900’s, a group of individuals emerged as behaviorists who disagreed upon the idea that if psychology was to be a science, then it must focus on events, which are directly observable on behavior, rather than on mental life. This prompted a new era in explor ation by promoting the behaviorists idea that psychology should be approached with the ideaRead MorePositve Psychology and Aristotles Virtue Ethics Converge Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesPositive psychology and Aristotle: A convergence of ideas The field of positive psychology, founded by Martin Seligman (1998), seeks to influence individuals whose lives are â€Å"neutral† and increase their psychological well-being. Positive psychology offers a unique perspective on mental health through focusing on individual strengths rather than dysfunction, pathology, and mental illness (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). The goal of positive psychology is to assist individuals in creating meaningfulRead MorePerspectives On Psychology And Evaluate Their Key Assumptions1547 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives in Psychology This essay will give detailed descriptions of the behaviourist and cognitive perspectives in psychology and evaluate their key assumptions. The strengths and limitations of each perspective will be discussed along with an evaluation of their applications to contemporary issues in psychology. Finally there will be an analysis of the similarities and differences between each perspective and a conclusion. The behaviourist perspective is a scientific approach within psychologyRead MoreEssay Compare Contrast 3 Psychological Approaches To The Study Of Criminal Behaviour1190 Words   |  5 Pagescrimes and so on. However, offences such as moral crime, where no law has been broken, also need to be considered, especially when studying the cause and prevention through psychology. Just as the types of crime can vary, so can the psychological approach used to study it. Here the distinctions between three of the main perspectives adopted; Psychodynamic, Behavioural and Biological, will be examined to identify where they vary or overlap. The Biological approach came to prominence when Cesare Lomboso

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Population Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailabilty †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Population Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailabilty. Answer: Introduction: Pharmacology is a discipline of science that tends to decipher the kind of Management interactions that do exist or occur between various kinds of chemicals and the living systems (Teferra et al, 2004). One of its major subdivisions is pharmacokinetics that mainly deals with the study of what the body does to an ingested drug. It evaluates the drugs adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (Teferra et al, 2004). This presentation seeks to decipher the drug Tacrolimus in the lines of its basic pharmacology including the mechanism(s) of action of the drug, its toxicities, adverse effects, the clinical uses ad dosages and/or formulations available, its chemical structure and/or characteristics and how they relate to its interesting pharmacokinetic characteristics and their clinical implications, its contraindications in special populations, and finally provide a concrete and comprehensive solution to the case study 4. Tacrolimus also often referred to as FK-506 or fujimycin, is the generic name for drug Progaf/ Hecoria/ Protopic/ Advagraf. It is a prescription only drug given to post transplant patients to prevent organ rejection following allogeneic liver, kidney, and/or heart transplants. It achieves this by way of decreasing the action of the individuals immune responses and as such, it is an immunosuppressant. Its mechanism of action, therefore, is by inhibiting the production of interleukin-2 which are molecular components that promotes the development and proliferation of the T lymphocytes by preventing the dephosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NF-AT) that increases the activity of genes coding for IL-2 and related cytokines (Ganong, 2005). This places the drug in the calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant drug class. It is also used in the treatment of other T cell-mediated diseases such as eczema, treatment of severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants and in the exacerbations of minimal change disease. It is more potent than other drugs such as cyclosporine used in immunosuppression (Haddad et al, 2006). The available preparations include the oral common twice-daily formulation (Progaf), once daily formulation (Advagraf and Envarsus), and the topical formulation or ointment (Protopic). It is a macrolide lactone with the chemical structure: C44 H69 NO12 (Dirk, 2003). Because of its acidic properties, the drug is absorbed in acid environments of the stomach and dissociates in the basic environment of the intestine where some its metabolism begins. This acidic property makes it highly bound to proteins in the blood and to the erythrocytes explaining its high protein binding rate. Tacrolimus is given orally with a bioavailability of 24%. Its absorption rate decreases with intake of food rich in fat. Its take one to three hours to attain its highest blood plasma concentrations and the protein binding rate of the drug is 98.8% and it binds to albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. The drug is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 metabolic enzymes: CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and in the intestinal wall. It is mostly excreted through the feces. It has a biological half-life of 12 hours in transplant patients but this is higher in healthy individuals with biological half-life of up to 43 hours. Since the drug is absorbed in the gut, it undergoes first pass metabolism that reduces its bioavailability but the high protein binding rate limits the dose as it increases its half-life. The clearance of Tacrolimus is 2mg per hours and its volume of distribution is 98 (Marie et al, 2007). Its drug interaction occurs with the following drugs and as such should not be taken together with these drugs: Management asenapine, cisapride, and citalopram, a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone, mifepristone, streptogramin, ziprasidone, and cyclosporine. It is contraindicated in patients with castor oil allergies, any allergic reactions to any other component of the drug, in pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, in individuals with chronic infections, diabetes, high blood potassium levels, hypertension, with weakened immunity, anemia, heart, kidney, or liver problems, skin cancer, in individuals scheduled to receive live vaccines and in individuals taking other medications to suppress their immune system. The side effects of the drug differ depending on the route of administration. For oral and intravenous administration, the side effects include various types of infection, heart damage, high blood pressure, disturbed vision, hepatic and renal problems(Tacrolimus nephrotoxicity), hyperkalemia, low blood concentrations of magnesium (hypomagnesaemia), high blood glucose levels, diabetes mellitus, itching, lung damage, and neuropsychiatric problems e.g. loss of appetite, insomnia, confusion, depression, and vivid nightmares. It increases the severity of pre-existing fungal and/or infectious conditions (Dimitrios and Pramateftakis, 2013). It increases the risk of malignancy and various types of cancer. The topical Tacrolimus ointment applied over wide areas cause burning sensations on the initial application and an increased sensitivity to UV light and heat on the affected areas. After oral administration, drug plasma concentration can be obtained by the help of the above equation where C is the plasma concentration, F is the bioavailability, D is the dose, ka is the absorption rate constant, ke is the elimination rate constant, Vd is the volume of distribution and t is time. References Dirk K. (2003). Long-Term Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study of Management Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid and Metabolites in De Novo Renal Allograft Recipients. Leuven University Press, 6 Dimitrios R., Pramateftakis M. G. (2013).Tacrolimus: Effectiveness, Safety and Drug Interaction. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated. Ganong W. F. (2005). Review of Medical Physiology. 22nd Ed. Lange Medical Books. 530 Haddad, E. M., McAlister v. C., Renouf E., Malthaner R., Kjaer M. S., Gluud L. L. (2006). Cyclosporine versus Tacrolimus for Liver Transplanted Patients. McAlister V, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4(CD005161): CD005161. Marie A., Benoit B., Robert F., Philippe L., and Urien S. (2007). Population Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailabilty of Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Patients Management. Soraya D. and Kiren G. (2006). Basic Pharmacology. 2nd Edition. [PDF]. Retrieved from www.dandybooksellers.com/acatalog/9780853695714.pdf Accessed on 9th May 2017. Teferra, A., Srinivasa, A. R., Mengistu, S. W., Eshetu, L., Musei, A, and Dawit. (2004). Lecture Notes for Health Science Students: Pharmacology. 1-5